d-Amphetamine increases choice of cigarette smoking over monetary reinforcement
d-Amphetamine increases choice of cigarette smoking over monetary reinforcement
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DOI：
10.1007/s002130000600
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Higgins, ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tidey, JW;O'Neill, SC;Higgins, ST
Rationale: Psychomotor stimulants previously have been found to increase the frequency of cigarette smoking, but it is unclear whether this is due to a nonspecific increase in general activity or a specific increase in the reinforcing effects of smoking. Objectives: To investigate whether d-amphetamine increases the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking. Methods: Ninety minutes after d-amphetamine (7.5, 15 mg/70 kg) or placebo administration, 13 male and female subjects participated in 3-h sessions during which they could make a maximum of 20 choices between cigarette smoking (two puffs per choice), earning money ($0.25 per choice), or neither. In separate sessions, using the same subjects, the effects of d-amphetamine on the frequency of ad libitum smoking was assessed. Results: During choice sessions, d-amphetamine dose-dependently increased smoking choices from 4.2 +/-0.6 to 5.7 +/-0.6. During sessions in which subjects smoked ad libitum, d-amphetamine increased number of cigarettes smoked from 2.8 +/-0.4 to 3.8 +/-0.6. Breath carbon monoxide (CO) levels, a measure of smoke exposure, showed corresponding dose-related increases. Conclusions: These results are consistent with previous findings that d-amphetamine increases smoking and provide evidence that this effect is due to a drug-produced increase in the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking.
