Exclusion volumes of convex bodies in high space dimensions: applications to virial coefficients and continuum percolation

Exclusion volumes of convex bodies in high space dimensions: applications to virial coefficients and continuum percolation
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高空间维度中凸体的排除体积:在维里系数和连续介质渗滤中的应用

DOI:
10.1088/1742-5468/ac8c8b
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jiao, Yang
Jiao, Yang
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Torquato, Salvatore;Jiao, Yang

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利用凸几何的混合体积和质量积分的概念,我们推导出适用于任何空间维度的一般凸体 K 的排除体积 v ex (K) 的精确公式。虽然我们的主要兴趣涉及一个凸体相对于另一个凸体的旋转平均排除体积,但我们还描述了具有相同方向的凸体的排除体积的一些结果。我们证明,对于任何 d,球体最小化所有凸体中的无量纲排斥体积 v ex (K)/v (K),无论是随机定向还是均匀定向,其中 v (K) 是 K 的体积。当物体具有相同方向时,单纯形以 2 2d/d 3/2 的大 d 渐近缩放行为最大化任何 d 的无量纲排斥体积,这与 2 d 的相应缩放形成对比球体。我们提出了许多不同非球面凸体的 quermassintegrals W 0 (K),..., W d (K) 的显式公式,包括立方体、平行六面体、正单纯形、交叉多面体、圆柱体、球柱体、椭球体以及低维体,例如超板和线段。这些结果用于确定维度为 2 至 12 的这些凸体形状的旋转平均排除体积 v ex (K)。虽然球体是具有最小无量纲排除体积的形状,但我们表明,在被认为足够紧凑的凸体中,单纯形具有最大 v ex (K)/v (K),缩放行为为 2 1.6618...d。随后,我们应用这些结果来确定上述硬超粒子相应的第二维里系数B 2 (K)。我们的结果也适用于计算作者先前针对相同重叠凸体系统得出的连续渗流阈值 η c 的估计。我们推测,对于 d⩾ 2,随机或均匀定向,重叠球体在所有相同的非零体积凸重叠体中具有 η c 的最大值,并且在所有相同的定向非零体积凸体中,重叠单纯形对于 d⩾ 2 具有 η c 的最小值。
Using the concepts of mixed volumes and quermassintegrals of convex geometry, we derive an exact formula for the exclusion volume v ex (K) for a general convex body K that applies in any space dimension. While our main interests concern the rotationally-averaged exclusion volume of a convex body with respect to another convex body, we also describe some results for the exclusion volumes for convex bodies with the same orientation. We show that the sphere minimizes the dimensionless exclusion volume v ex (K)/v (K) among all convex bodies, whether randomly oriented or uniformly oriented, for any d, where v (K) is the volume of K. When the bodies have the same orientation, the simplex maximizes the dimensionless exclusion volume for any d with a large-d asymptotic scaling behavior of 2 2d/d 3/2, which is to be contrasted with the corresponding scaling of 2 d for the sphere. We present explicit formulas for quermassintegrals W 0 (K),..., W d (K) for many different nonspherical convex bodies, including cubes, parallelepipeds, regular simplices, cross-polytopes, cylinders, spherocylinders, ellipsoids as well as lower-dimensional bodies, such as hyperplates and line segments. These results are utilized to determine the rotationally-averaged exclusion volume v ex (K) for these convex-body shapes for dimensions 2 through 12. While the sphere is the shape possessing the minimal dimensionless exclusion volume, we show that, among the convex bodies considered that are sufficiently compact, the simplex possesses the maximal v ex (K)/v (K) with a scaling behavior of 2 1.6618... d. Subsequently, we apply these results to determine the corresponding second virial coefficient B 2 (K) of the aforementioned hard hyperparticles. Our results are also applied to compute estimates of the continuum percolation threshold η c derived previously by the authors for systems of identical overlapping convex bodies. We conjecture that overlapping spheres possess the maximal value of η c among all identical nonzero-volume convex overlapping bodies for d⩾ 2, randomly or uniformly oriented, and that, among all identical, oriented nonzero-volume convex bodies, overlapping simplices have the minimal value of η c for d⩾ 2.
随机行列式、椭球混合体积和高斯随机场的零点
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