Longitudinal Study of Oral Microbiome Variation in Twins
Longitudinal Study of Oral Microbiome Variation in Twins
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-64747-1
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发表时间：
2020-05-14
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Nelson, Karen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Freire, Marcelo;Moustafa, Ahmed;Nelson, Karen E.
人类是大量微生物的宿主，这些微生物在出生时迅速在体内繁殖，受宿主遗传、生活方式和环境的复杂相互作用的影响。宿主相关的微生物组，包括口腔微生物组，在一个对健康和疾病很重要的复杂生态系统中出现。作为全球最常见的慢性疾病，龋齿是由儿童和成人的宿主-微生物生态失调引起的。多种生物和环境因素可能影响疾病易感性、发病、进展和严重程度，但缺乏能够捕捉这些影响的纵向研究。为了研究宿主遗传和环境如何随着时间的推移影响口腔微生物群落，我们在12个月的3次访问中分析了异卵和同卵双胞胎的龈上菌斑微生物群落。通过靶向16S rRNA基因V4区扩增牙菌斑DNA样本，微生物发现与临床、饮食和遗传元数据相关。我们观察到，与宿主遗传相比，口腔微生物组的差异主要是由环境决定的。在影响受试者微生物变化的环境因素中，重要的元数据包括受试者的年龄、受试者开始刷牙习惯的年龄以及刷牙后的行为类型。微生物组的相关遗传力包括单卵双胞胎的放线菌和碳吞噬菌，异卵双胞胎的金氏菌。棒状杆菌和细孔杆菌的丰度与年龄有关，而聚集杆菌的丰度与年轻的受试者有关。链球菌丰度随时间呈负相关，硒单胞菌丰度随每天刷牙频率的增加而增加。揭示龋齿的确切生物学机制有可能揭示新的宿主-微生物生物标志物、途径和靶点，这对有效预防措施和儿童早期疾病控制至关重要。
Humans are host to a multitude of microorganisms that rapidly populate the body at birth, subject to a complex interplay that is dependent on host genetics, lifestyle, and environment. The host-associated microbiome, including the oral microbiome, presents itself in a complex ecosystem important to health and disease. As the most common chronic disease globally, dental caries is induced by host-microbial dysbiosis in children and adults. Multiple biological and environmental factors are likely to impact disease predisposition, onset, progression, and severity, yet longitudinal studies able to capture these influences are missing. To investigate how host genetics and environment influenced the oral microbial communities over time, we profiled supragingival plaque microbiomes of dizygotic and monozygotic twins during 3 visits over 12-months. Dental plaque DNA samples were amplified by targeting the 16S rRNA gene V4 region, and microbial findings were correlated with clinical, diet and genetic metadata. We observed that the oral microbiome variances were shaped primarily by the environment when compared to host genetics. Among the environmental factors shaping microbial changes of our subjects, significant metadata included age of the subject, and the age by which subjects initiated brushing habits, and the types of actions post-brushing. Relevant heritability of the microbiome included Actinomyces and Capnocytophaga in monozygotic twins and Kingella in dizygotic twins. Corynebacterium and Veillonella abundances were associated with age, whereas Aggregatibacter was associated with younger subjects. Streptococcus abundance showed an inverse association over time, and Selenomonas abundances increased with brushing frequency per day. Unraveling the exact biological mechanisms in caries has the potential to reveal novel host-microbial biomarkers, pathways, and targets important to effective preventive measures, and early disease control in children.