On the semantics of phi features on pronouns
On the semantics of phi features on pronouns
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论代词phi特征的语义
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Y. Sudo
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作者：
Y. Sudo
本文探讨了三个与代词的phi特征语义相关的问题。第一部分主要探讨代词的性别特征。根据前人的研究（库珀，1983;海姆和克拉泽，1998），我认为它们是预设触发语。基于这一假设，我表明，谓词包含绑定性别代词有一个断言的意义，不需要性别预设，并进一步指出，这样的谓词提出了一个严重的挑战，现有的预设投射理论，特别是在量化的句子。由此得出的结论是，预设需要从断言意义中分离出来，如Karttunen & Peters（1979）的二维理论。然而，这种理论在量化句子中会遇到所谓的约束问题。我提出了一个解决方案的约束力问题，使用的机制，跨领域的回指，并表明，由此产生的理论很好地占各种定量限定词的投影属性。第二部分讨论了对约束代词的人称和数特征的解释。众所周知，在绑定代词上出现的一些phi特征表现得好像它们在语义上是惰性的（Heim 2008 b，Jacobson出现，Kratzer 1998 a，2009，Partee 1989）。最小代词解释（英语：minimum pronoun account）是一种流行的解释，它认为这种phi特征是纯粹的形态学特征，并假设一种PF操作将绑定器的phi特征传递到它所绑定的每个代词上（Heim 2008 b，Kratzer 1998 a，2009）。我提出了另一种解释，它省去了PF操作，而是将大部分负担放在语法上，通过在索引中编码比标准假设更多的信息。因此，所有出现的phi特征都是语义相关的。我提供了经验和概念上的论点，建议帐户的最小代词帐户。第三部分探讨了在人称特征受到系统性影响的情况下的索引转换现象（Anand 2006，Anand & Nevins 2004，Schlenker 1999，2003 b）。我讨论了来自维吾尔语和日语的新数据以及来自以前研究的数据，特别关注语言内部和跨语言的共性和差异。论文导师：丹尼·福克斯标题：语言学教授论文导师：Martin Hackl头衔：语言学副教授论文导师：Irene Heim头衔：语言学教授
This thesis investigates three topics relating to the semantics of phi features on pronouns. Part I focuses on gender features on pronouns. Following previous studies (Cooper 1983, Heim & Kratzer 1998), I claim that they are presupposition triggers. Based on this assumption, I show that predicates containing bound gendered pronouns have an assertive meaning that does not entail the gender presupposition, and further point out that such predicates pose a serious challenge for existing theories of presupposition projection, especially with respect to quantified sentences. A conclusion drawn from this discussion is that the presupposition needs to be dissociated from the assertive meaning, as in Karttunen & Peters’s (1979) two dimensional theory. However, such a theory is known to run into the so-called binding problem in quantified sentences. I propose a solution to the binding problem using the mechanism of cross-sentential anaphora, and show that the resulting theory nicely accounts for the projection properties of various quantificational determiners. Part II discusses the interpretation of person and number features on bound pronouns. It is known that some occurrences of phi features on bound pronoun behave as if they are semantically inert (Heim 2008b, Jacobson to appear, Kratzer 1998a, 2009, Partee 1989). One popular account of this phenomenon, the minimal pronoun account, claims that such phi features are purely morphological, and postulates a PF operation that transmits phi features of a binder onto each pronoun that it binds (Heim 2008b, Kratzer 1998a, 2009). I put forward an alternative account that dispenses with the PF operation, and instead puts most of the burden on syntax, by encoding more information in the indices than standardly assumed. As a result, all occurrences of phi features are semantically relevant. I offer both empirical and conceptual arguments for the proposed account over the minimal pronoun account. Part III deals with the phenomenon of indexical shifting where person features are systematically affected (Anand 2006, Anand & Nevins 2004, Schlenker 1999, 2003b). I discuss novel data from Uyghur and Japanese as well as data drawn from previous studies, particularly focusing on the universals and variation within and across languages. Thesis Supervisor: Danny Fox Title: Professor of Linguistics Thesis Supervisor: Martin Hackl Title: Associate Professor of Linguistics Thesis Supervisor: Irene Heim Title: Professor of Linguistics