Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among senior high school students in Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis, Ghana
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among senior high school students in Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis, Ghana
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DOI：
10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1875
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Lutala, Prosper M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dzah, Seraphine M.;Tarkang, Elvis E.;Lutala, Prosper M.
背景：在加纳，15-24岁的年轻人是最容易感染艾滋病毒的群体。知识不足、消极态度和危险行为是阻止HIV传播的主要障碍。目的：本研究旨在调查高中生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的知识、态度和行为。背景：加纳塞孔迪-塔科拉迪大都会。方法：采用描述性横断面设计，采用有效的自填式问卷，于2017年8月从三所参与高中分层抽取294名高中生进行数据收集。结果：61.6%的被调查者对HIV/AIDS有较好的了解，172名(58.5%)对HIV感染者(PLHIV)持正面态度，79.1%的被调查者报告了与HIV相关的危险行为。我们发现年龄和态度之间存在显著的关联(p<；0.05)。知识贫乏与穆斯林(AOR=1.51和1.93；CI 1.19-1.91；p=0.00)和F高中(F SHS)学生有关(AOR=1.93；CI 1.71-2.18；p=0.00)。对PLHIV和HIV的不良态度与15-19岁(AOR=3.20[2.58-3.96]；p=0.03)和单身婚姻状况(AOR=1.79[1.44-2.23]；p=0.00)有关。不良行为与15-19岁(AOR=1.72[1.41-2.11]；p=0.08)、阿肯族(AOR=1.57[1.26-1.97]；p=0.00)或单身(AOR=1.79[1.44-2.23]；p=0.00)有关。错误观念与艾滋病传播的关系：握手可传播(AOR=3.45[2.34~5.68]；p=0.000)，可治愈(AOR=2.01[2.12~5.04]；p=0.004)，可通过巫术传播(AOR=3.12[3.21~7.26]；p=0.001)。我们的调查结果强调，需要为大都市的年轻人提供适应文化和面向年龄的艾滋病毒基本信息，了解他们对艾滋病毒传播的误解、学生对艾滋病病毒的负面态度以及学生对艾滋病毒的危险做法。
Background: In Ghana, youths aged 15-24 years constitute the group most vulnerable to HIV infection. Inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes and risky practices are major hindrances to preventing the spread of HIV.Aim: This study sought to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS among senior high school (SHS) students.Setting: Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis, Ghana.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was adopted, using a validated self-administered questionnaire, to collect data from a stratified sample of 294 senior students selected from three participating high schools in August 2017. The data collected were analysed using Stata version 12. Descriptive and inferential statistics were at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Among the participants, 61.6% had good knowledge about HIV/AIDS, 172 (58.5%) showed positive attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) and 79.1% reported HIV-related risky practices. We found a significant association between age and attitudes (p < 0.05). Poor knowledge was associated with being Muslim (aOR = 1.51 and 1.93; CI 1.19-1.91; p = 0.00) and being a student from school 'F' senior high school (F SHS) (aOR = 1.93; CI 1.71-2.18; p = 0.00). Bad attitude towards PLHIV and HIV was associated with ages 15-19 years (aOR = 3.20[2.58-3.96]; p = 0.03) p confirmed; and single marital status (aOR = 1.79[1.44-2.23]; p = 0.00). Bad practices were associated with ages 15-19 years (aOR = 1.72[1.41-2.11]; p = 0.08), belonging to the Akans ethnic group (aOR = 1.57[1.26-1.97]; p = 0.00) or being single (aOR = 1.79[1.44-2.23]; p = 0.00). Associations between misconceptions and HIV transmission were found: HIV can be transmitted by a handshake (aOR = 3.45[2.34-5.68]; p = 0.000), HIV can be cured (aOR = 2.01[2.12-5.04]; p = 0.004) and HIV/AIDS can be transmitted by witchcraft (aOR = 3.12[3.21-7.26]; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Participants generally had inadequate knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS, manifested negative attitudes towards PLHIV and also engaged in risky practices that might predispose them to HIV transmission. Our findings underscore the need for culturally adapted and age-oriented basic HIV information for youths in the metropolis on misconceptions about HIV transmission, negative attitudes of students towards PLHIV as well as the risky practices of students regarding HIV.