Neighborhood problems as sources of chronic stress: Development of a measure of neighborhood problems, and associations with socioeconomic status and health
Neighborhood problems as sources of chronic stress: Development of a measure of neighborhood problems, and associations with socioeconomic status and health
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DOI：
10.1207/s15324796abm2303_5
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Feldman, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steptoe, A;Feldman, PJ
居民区对健康和幸福的影响越来越多地被行为医学所认识，有证据表明居民区水平的影响与居民的个人特征无关。本研究探讨了邻里关系的影响部分是由于暴露于社区范围内的压力源，而不是保护因素，如社会资本的变化。问卷调查，包括10个项目的邻里问题规模和自我报告的健康，健康行为和社会资本的措施，完成了419名居民的18个较高的社会经济地位（SES）社区和235名居民的19个较低的SES社区。数据采用回归和多水平方法进行分析。邻里问题得分更高，低于较高的SES社区，正相关的个人剥夺，并与社会资本呈负相关。邻里问题与吸烟、饮食、饮酒或体育活动无关。然而，邻里问题与健康状况不佳，心理困扰的一般健康问卷，和身体功能受损，独立的年龄，性别，邻里SES，个人剥夺和社会资本。最高与最低邻里问题四分位数的调整后优势比范围为2.05（置信区间= 1.15-3.69）（自评健康状况不佳）至3.07（1.63-5.79）（身体功能受损）。研究结果提供了初步证据，表明住宅邻里问题构成了慢性压力的来源，可能会增加健康状况不佳的风险。
The impact of the residential neighborhood on health and well-being is being increasingly recognized in behavioral medicine, with evidence for neighborhood-level effects that are independent of the individual characteristics of residents. This study addressed the possibility that the effects of neighborhood are due in part to exposure to community-wide stressors rather than variations in protective factors such as social capital. A questionnaire survey including a 10-item neighborhood problems scale and measures of self-reported health, health behaviors, and social capital was completed by 419 residents of 18 higher socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods and 235 residents of 19 lower SES neighborhoods. Data were analyzed using regression and multilevel methods. Neighborhood problem scores were greater in lower than higher SES neighborhoods, positively associated with individual deprivation, and negatively correlated with social capital. Neighborhood problems were not related to smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, or physical activity. However neighborhood problems were associated with poor self-rated health, psychological distress on the General Health Questionnaire, and impaired physical function, independent of age, sex, neighborhood SES, individual deprivation, and social capital. Adjusted odds ratios for the highest versus lowest neighborhood problem quartiles ranged from 2.05 (confidence interval = 1.15-3.69) for poor self-rated health to 3.07 (1.63-5.79) for impaired physical function. The results provide preliminary evidence that residential neighborhood problems constitute sources of chronic stress that may increase risk of poor health.