Smoking in China - Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey
Smoking in China - Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.282.13.1247
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发表时间：
1999-10-06
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Xu, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, GH;Fan, LX;Xu, J
中国作为世界上最大的烟草产品生产国和消费国，承担着全球吸烟相关疾病的很大比例，并可能正在经历一场烟草流行。目的为支持中国的控烟行动，开发一种循证方法。设计和设置一份以人群为基础的调查问卷，包括人口统计学、吸烟史、吸烟相关知识和态度、戒烟情况、被动吸烟暴露和健康状况等信息，于1996年3月至7月在中国30个省的145个疾病监测点进行。120298例(93.8%)提供资料并纳入最终分析。主要调查指标为当前吸烟方式和态度；与1984年全国调查结果相比，吸烟方式和态度的变化。结果41187名受访者每天至少吸烟1支，占总人数的34.1%，自1984年以来上升了3.4个百分点。目前吸烟在男性(63%)中的比例仍然高于女性(3.8%)。男性和女性开始吸烟的年龄都下降了约3岁(从28岁下降到25岁)。只有少数吸烟者认识到吸烟可能导致肺癌(36%)和心脏病(4%)。在不吸烟的人中，53.5%的人每周接触环境烟草烟雾的时间超过1天，每天至少15分钟。受访者普遍支持控烟措施。结论这项研究发现男性吸烟率较高，表明迫切需要进行吸烟预防和戒烟努力；需要采取烟草控制措施，以保持或降低目前女性吸烟率较低的状况。
Context As the world's largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease and may be experiencing a tobacco epidemic.Objective To develop an evidence-based approach supporting tobacco control initiatives in China.Design and Setting A population-based survey consisting of a 52-item questionnaire that included information on demographics, smoking history, smoking-related knowledge and attitudes, cessation, passive smoke exposure, and health status was administered in 145 disease surveillance points in the 30 provinces of China from March through July 1996.Participants A nationally representative random sample of 128 766 persons aged 15 to 69 years were asked to participate; 120 298 (93.8%) provided data and were included in the final analysis. About two thirds of those sampled were from rural areas and one third were from urban areas.Main Outcome Measures Current smoking patterns and attitudes; changes in smoking patterns and attitudes compared with results of a previous national survey conducted in 1984.Results A total of 41 187 respondents smoked at least 1 cigarette per day, accounting for 34.1% of the total number of respondents, an increase of 3.4 percentage points since 1984. Current smoking continues to be prevalent among more men (63%) than women (3.8%). Age at smoking initiation declined by about 3 years for both men and women (from 28 to 25 years). Only a minority of smokers recognized that lung cancer (36%) and heart disease (4%) can be caused by smoking. Of the nonsmokers, 53.5% were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at least 15 minutes per day on more than 1 day per week. Respondents were generally supportive of tobacco control measures.Conclusion The high rates of smoking in men found in this study signal an urgent need for smoking prevention and cessation efforts; tobacco control initiatives are needed to maintain or decrease the currently low smoking prevalence in women.