Acetic Acid Acts as a Volatile Signal To Stimulate Bacterial Biofilm Formation.
Acetic Acid Acts as a Volatile Signal To Stimulate Bacterial Biofilm Formation.
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乙酸作为挥发性信号刺激细菌生物膜形成。
DOI：
10.1128/mbio.00392-15
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发表时间：
2015-06-09
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Chai Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Y;Gozzi K;Yan F;Chai Y
挥发物是具有多种生物活性的可通过空气传播的微小化学物质。在这项研究中，我们发现枯草芽孢杆菌产生的挥发物对相邻的枯草芽孢杆菌细胞的生物膜形成有深远的影响，这些细胞生长在附近，但物理上是分开的。我们进一步证明了其中一种挥发性物质醋酸在刺激生物膜形成方面特别有效。基于枯草芽孢杆菌突变体的多系遗传证据表明，枯草芽孢杆菌使用醋酸作为代谢信号来协调生物膜形成的时间。最后，我们研究了枯草芽孢杆菌细胞在调节生物膜形成过程中如何感知和响应醋酸。我们发现可能涉及三组基因（ywbHG， ysbAB和yxaKC），它们都编码已知的holin-anti - holin-like蛋白，在细胞对乙酸的反应和刺激生物膜形成中。三组基因均由乙酸诱导。具有这些基因三重突变的突变株显示出生物膜形成的严重延迟，而过表达ywbHG的菌株显示出早期和强劲的生物膜形成。我们的研究结果表明，枯草芽孢杆菌和其他可能的细菌利用乙酸作为代谢信号来调节生物膜的形成，以及一个群体感应样的空气信号来协调群落中物理分离的细胞形成生物膜的时间。挥发物是由包括细菌在内的所有生物王国产生的可通过空气传播的小分子。挥发物具有多种生物活性，在细菌-细菌和细菌-宿主相互作用中起着重要作用。尽管由于挥发物可通过空气传播的特性，它可以作为一种新颖而重要的细胞间通讯方式，但人们对挥发物介导的信号传导机制的工作原理知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们证明了枯草芽孢杆菌使用一种这样的挥发物醋酸作为群体感应信号来协调结构复杂的细胞群落（也称为生物膜）形成的时间。我们进一步表征了枯草芽孢杆菌如何响应醋酸刺激生物膜形成的分子机制。我们的研究还表明，醋酸可能被用作跨物种交流的挥发性信号。
Volatiles are small air-transmittable chemicals with diverse biological activities. In this study, we showed that volatiles produced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis had a profound effect on biofilm formation of neighboring B. subtilis cells that grew in proximity but were physically separated. We further demonstrated that one such volatile, acetic acid, is particularly potent in stimulating biofilm formation. Multiple lines of genetic evidence based on B. subtilis mutants that are defective in either acetic acid production or transportation suggest that B. subtilis uses acetic acid as a metabolic signal to coordinate the timing of biofilm formation. Lastly, we investigated how B. subtilis cells sense and respond to acetic acid in regulating biofilm formation. We showed the possible involvement of three sets of genes (ywbHG, ysbAB, and yxaKC), all encoding putative holin-antiholin-like proteins, in cells responding to acetic acid and stimulating biofilm formation. All three sets of genes were induced by acetate. A mutant with a triple mutation of those genes showed a severe delay in biofilm formation, whereas a strain overexpressing ywbHG showed early and robust biofilm formation. Results of our studies suggest that B. subtilis and possibly other bacteria use acetic acid as a metabolic signal to regulate biofilm formation as well as a quorum-sensing-like airborne signal to coordinate the timing of biofilm formation by physically separated cells in the community. Volatiles are small, air-transmittable molecules produced by all kingdoms of organisms including bacteria. Volatiles possess diverse biological activities and play important roles in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions. Although volatiles can be used as a novel and important way of cell-cell communication due to their air-transmittable nature, little is known about how the volatile-mediated signaling mechanism works. In this study, we demonstrate that the bacterium Bacillus subtilis uses one such volatile, acetic acid, as a quorum-sensing-like signal to coordinate the timing of the formation of structurally complex cell communities, also known as biofilms. We further characterized the molecular mechanisms of how B. subtilis responds to acetic acid in stimulating biofilm formation. Our study also suggests that acetic acid may be used as a volatile signal for cross-species communication.