Do people disagree with themselves? Exploring the internal consistency of complex, unfamiliar, and risky decisions
Do people disagree with themselves? Exploring the internal consistency of complex, unfamiliar, and risky decisions
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DOI：
10.1080/13669877.2019.1569107
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发表时间：
2021-05-04
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Arvai, Joseph L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bessette, Douglas L.;Wilson, Robyn S.;Arvai, Joseph L.
人们普遍认为，人们彼此不同意。在这篇文章中，我们提出的结果表明，人们可能不同意自己。使用八个决策环境的熟悉程度，复杂性和风险，我们表明，一个具有全国代表性的样本（n = 1874）的受访者做出的选择是不一致的两个互补的方法引起的偏好。我们发现，平均而言，个人表现出更高水平的内部一致性，或他们的选择和他们所陈述的价值观和关注点之间的一致性，当决策是“容易”，或简单，熟悉，风险很小。然而，当人们面临困难的选择时，这种一致性就会下降，这些选择涉及不熟悉的、复杂的环境，涉及高风险。此外，提供有关替代品的额外和突出的上下文信息，如品牌名称，型号信息或风险缓解策略的具体组成部分，与保留这些信息的情况相比，一致性水平显着降低。这一发现表明，人们在做出简单的决定时依赖于简化的知识;然而，当选择困难时，这种信息的影响力较小。重要的是，我们表明，较高的教育水平也与人们选择的一致性有显着且积极的关联。
It is commonly accepted that people disagree with one another. In this article, we present results that suggest people may disagree with themselves. Using eight decision-making contexts ranging in familiarity, complexity, and risk, we show that a nationally representative sample (n = 1874) of respondents made choices that were inconsistent across two complimentary methods of eliciting preferences. We show that on average individuals demonstrate higher levels of internal consistency, or alignment between their choices and their stated values and concerns, when decisions are 'easy', or simple, familiar, and have little risk. However, this consistency declines when people are confronted with difficult choices involving unfamiliar, complex contexts involving high risk. Moreover, providing additional and salient contextual information about alternatives, such as brand names, model information, or the specific components of a risk mitigation strategy, results in significantly lower levels of consistency when compared to situations where this information is withheld. This finding suggests that people rely on simplifying heuristics when making easy decisions; however, this kind of information is less influential when choices are difficult. Importantly, we show that higher levels of education also have a significant and positive association with the consistency of people's choices.