An Integrated Approach to a Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Indicator for the Food Production-Consumption Chain
An Integrated Approach to a Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Indicator for the Food Production-Consumption Chain
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DOI：
10.3390/su10040925
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Galloway, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Erisman, Jan Willem;Leach, Allison;Galloway, James
减少整个食物链的氮污染需要使用明确和全面的指标来跟踪和管理损失。挑战是为整个食品系统得出一个易于使用的可靠的氮素利用效率(NUE)指标，以帮助支持政策制定、监测进展并向消费者提供信息。基于对四种方法(生命周期分析、氮足迹、氮收支和环境影响评估)的比较，我们提出了一个在国家范围内更广泛应用的指标：全食物链(NUEFC)，其定义为可供人类消费的蛋白质(以氮表示)与食物系统(新固定和进口的)氮输入的比率。NUEFC是在1980年至2011年期间为一组欧洲国家计算的。欧洲国家的NUEFC存在很大的差异，从爱尔兰的10%到2008年意大利的40%不等。NUEFC可以用来确定影响它的因素(例如，生物固氮在新氮中的份额、进出口产品和消费量)，可以用来在国家范围内提出潜在的改进建议。
Reducing nitrogen pollution across the food chain requires the use of clear and comprehensive indicators to track and manage losses. The challenge is to derive an easy-to-use robust nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indicator for entire food systems to help support policy development, monitor progress and inform consumers. Based on a comparison of four approaches to NUE (life cycle analysis, nitrogen footprint, nitrogen budget, and environmental impact assessment), we propose an indicator for broader application at the national scale: The whole food chain (NUEFC), which is defined as the ratio of the protein (expressed as nitrogen) available for human consumption to the (newly fixed and imported) nitrogen input to the food system. The NUEFC was calculated for a set of European countries between 1980 and 2011. A large variation in NUEFC was observed within countries in Europe, ranging from 10% in Ireland to 40% in Italy in 2008. The NUEFC can be used to identify factors that influence it (e.g., the share of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in new nitrogen, the imported and exported products and the consumption), which can be used to propose potential improvements on the national scale.