Three different prohormones yield a variety of Hydra-RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) neuropeptides in Hydra magnipapillata
Three different prohormones yield a variety of Hydra-RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) neuropeptides in Hydra magnipapillata
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DOI：
10.1042/bj3320403
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发表时间：
1998-06-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darmer, D;Hauser, F;Grimmelikhuijzen, CJP
水螅（Hydra）是研究刺胞动物发育最常用的动物模型。最近我们从水螅（Hydra magnipripiata）中分离到四种新的Arg-Phe-NH（RFamide）神经肽，即Hydra-RFamide Ⅰ-Ⅳ。在这里，我们描述了从H.前激素原A含有一个拷贝的未加工的Hydra-RF酰胺I（QWLGGRFG）、II（QWFNGRFG）、III/IV [（KP）HLRGRFG]和两个推定的神经肽序列（QLMSGRFG和QLMRGRFG）。前激素原B具有与前激素原A相同的一般结构，但与未加工的Hydra-RFamide III/IV不同，其含有略微不同的神经肽序列[（KP）HYRGRFG]。前激素原C含有一个未加工的Hydra-RFamide I拷贝和七个额外的推定神经肽序列（具有共同的N-末端序列QWF/LSGRFGL）。前激素原A和B）的两个Hydra-RF酰胺II拷贝之前是Thr残基，前激素原A）的单个Hydra-RF酰胺III/IV拷贝之前是Asn残基，这证实刺胞动物使用非常规加工信号从其前体蛋白产生神经肽。Southern印迹分析表明前激素原A和B各自由单个基因编码，而一个或可能两个密切相关的基因编码前激素原C，北方印迹分析和原位杂交表明编码前激素原A的基因在水螅头和足区域的神经元中表达，而编码前激素原B和C的基因在头部不同区域的神经元中特异性表达。所有这些都表明，神经肽的生物合成在原始后生动物水螅已经相当复杂。
The freshwater polyp Hydra is the most frequently used model for the study of development in cnidarians, Recently we isolated four novel Arg-Phe-NH, (RFamide) neuropeptides, the Hydra-RFamides I-IV, from Hydra magnipapillata. Here we describe the molecular cloning of three different preprohormones from H. magnipapillata, each of which gives rise to a variety of RFamide neuropeptides, Preprohormone A contains one copy of unprocessed Hydra-RFamide I (QWLGGRFG), II (QWFNGRFG), III/IV [(KP)HLRGRFG] and two putative neuropeptide sequences (QLMSGRFG and QLMRGRFG). Preprohormone B has the same general organization as preprohormone A, but instead of unprocessed Hydra-RFamide III/IV it contains a slightly different neuropeptide sequence [(KP)HYRGRFG]. Preprohormone C contains one copy of unprocessed Hydra-RFamide I and seven additional putative neuropeptide sequences (with the common N-terminal sequence QWF/LSGRFGL). The two Hydra-RFamide II copies tin preprohormones A and B) are preceded by Thr residues, and the single Hydra-RFamide III/IV copy tin preprohormone A) is preceded by an Asn residue, confirming that cnidarians use unconventional processing signals to generate neuropeptides from their precursor proteins. Southern blot analyses suggest that preprohormones A and B are each coded for by a single gene, whereas one or possibly two closely related genes code for preprohormone C, Northern blot analyses and in situ hybridizations show that the gene coding for preprohormone A is expressed in neurons of both the head and foot regions of Hydra, whereas the genes coding for preprohormones B and C are specifically expressed in neurons of different regions of the head. All of this shows that neuropeptide biosynthesis in the primitive metazoan Hydra is already rather complex.