Plastic contamination of a Galapagos Island (Ecuador) and the relative risks to native marine species.

Plastic contamination of a Galapagos Island (Ecuador) and the relative risks to native marine species.
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加拉帕戈斯群岛(厄瓜多尔)的塑料污染以及对本地海洋物种的相对风险。

DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147704
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The Science of the total environment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jones JS
Jones JS
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jones JS

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厄瓜多尔的加拉帕戈斯群岛及其独特的生物多样性是全球保护的优先事项。我们探索了岛屿规模的海洋生态系统中塑料污染的存在、组成和环境驱动因素,调查了海洋无脊椎动物的吸收情况,并设计了一个系统的优先级评分分析,以确定最脆弱的脊椎动物物种。海滩污染因地点而异(大塑料0-0.66个粒子·m−2,微塑料0-448.8个粒子·m− 2或0-74.6个粒子·kg−1),受洪堡海流影响的东向海滩塑料累积量较高。当地的垃圾和废物管理泄漏仅占宏观塑料的2%。微塑料(包括人为纤维素)无处不在,但在海底沉积物(6.7-86.7颗粒·kg−1)和表层海水(0.04-0.89颗粒·m−3)中的浓度较低,港口的浓度升高表明有一些当地输入。微塑料存在于所有七种海洋无脊椎动物中,在52%的个体(n = 123)中发现,证实了微塑料在加拉帕戈斯海洋食物网中的吸收。结合物种分布信息,IUCN红色名录保护状况和类似物种缠绕和摄入塑料危害的文献证据的优先评分分析确定了27种需要紧急,有针对性的监测和缓解的海洋脊椎动物,包括鳍足类,海鸟,海龟和鲨鱼。
Ecuador's Galapagos Islands and their unique biodiversity are a global conservation priority. We explored the presence, composition and environmental drivers of plastic contamination across the marine ecosystem at an island scale, investigated uptake in marine invertebrates and designed a systematic priority scoring analysis to identify the most vulnerable vertebrate species. Beach contamination varied by site (macroplastic 0–0.66 items·m−2, microplastics 0–448.8 particles·m−2or 0–74.6 particles·kg−1), with high plastic accumulation on east-facing beaches that are influenced by the Humboldt Current. Local littering and waste management leakages accounted for just 2% of macroplastic. Microplastics (including anthropogenic cellulosics) were ubiquitous but in low concentrations in benthic sediments (6.7–86.7 particles·kg−1) and surface seawater (0.04–0.89 particles·m−3), with elevated concentrations in the harbour suggesting some local input. Microplastics were present in all seven marine invertebrate species examined, found in 52% of individuals (n = 123) confirming uptake of microplastics in the Galapagos marine food web. Priority scoring analysis combining species distribution information, IUCN Red List conservation status and literature evidence of harm from entanglement and ingestion of plastics in similar species identified 27 marine vertebrates in need of urgent, targeted monitoring and mitigation including pinnipeds, seabirds, turtles and sharks.
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