Sexual conflict and speciation
Sexual conflict and speciation
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1998.0208
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发表时间：
1998-02-28
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Partridge, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parker, GA;Partridge, L
我们审查的意义，两种形式的性冲突（不同的进化利益的两种性别）的遗传分化的人口和生殖隔离的演变。如果两性对某一性状有不同的最佳选择，并且两性之间存在多效性遗传相关，那么在单个基因座上的等位基因上的重复选择就可以在雄性和雌性中发生，这样就会出现性别限制选择，从而产生性二态性。这种性别限制可能会在杂交后代中被打破，从而降低它们的适应性。两性之间的多效性遗传相关性也可能影响种群间交配的可能性。冲突也可能发生在决定男性行为的（性别限制）位点和决定女性行为的位点之间。生殖隔离可能是由于雄性性状和雌性交配偏好的快速共同进化而发生的。这将倾向于在二次接触时产生排斥性交配，从而促进物种形成。性冲突导致的感官剥削，多精受精和交配的成本可能会导致高水平的种群间交配。如果雌性进化出对雄性交配前和交配后操纵的抵抗力，那么来自一个种群的雄性可能会更成功地与来自另一个种群的雌性交配，因为雌性会进化出对自己（但不是对异域）雄性的抵抗力。不同种群的雄性和雌性之间因生产不合适的杂交种而发生的冲突也可能导致基因座间的性冲突。我们开发的模型表明，女性一般选择抵制这样的交配和男性坚持，这可能有一个轴承的初始水平的种群间交配和可能性，将发生加固。实际上，对雄性的选择通常起到促进基因流动和限制交配前隔离的作用，而对雌性的选择通常起相反的作用。我们回顾了与解决这一冲突相关的理论模型。获胜角色取决于“获胜价值”和“实力”（与竞赛或军备成本有关）之间的平衡：获胜角色可能与高获胜价值和低成本相关。精子-卵子（或精子-雌性道）的冲突（以及它们在植物中的相似之处）可能遵循同样的原则。雄性可能通常具有更高的获胜价值观，但很难量化“权力”，雌性可能往往能够抵制交配比雄性更便宜可以强迫它。我们初步预测，性冲突通常会导致更高的物种形成率在“女性赢”的分支，女性将负责通过强化交配前的隔离，而“女性获胜”的种群将减少遗传多样性。
We review the significance of two forms of sexual conflict (different evolutionary interests of the two sexes) for genetic differentiation of populations and the evolution of reproductive isolation. Conflicting selection on the alleles at a single locus can occur in males and females if the sexes have different optima for a trait, and there are pleiotropic genetic correlations between the sexes for it. There will then be selection for sex limitation and hence sexual dimorphism. This sex limitation could break down in hybrids and reduce their fitness. Pleiotropic genetic correlations between the sexes could also affect the likelihood of mating in interpopulation encounters. Conflict can also occur between (sex-limited) loci that determine behaviour in males and those that determine behaviour in females. Reproductive isolation may occur by rapid coevolution of male trait and female mating preference. This would tend to generate assortative mating on secondary contact, hence promoting speciation. Sexual conflict resulting from sensory exploitation, polyspermy and the cost of mating could result in high levels of interpopulation mating. If females evolve resistance to male pre-and postmating manipulation, males from one population could be more successful with females from the other, because females would have evolved resistance to their own (but not to the allopatric) males. Between-locus sexual conflict could also occur as a result of conflict between males and females of different populations over the production of unfit hybrids. We develop models which show that females are in general selected to resist such matings and males to persist, and this could have a bearing on both the initial level of interpopulation matings and the likelihood that reinforcement will occur. In effect, selection on males usually acts to promote gene flow and to restrict premating isolation, whereas selection on females usually acts in the reverse direction. We review theoretical models relevant to resolution of this conflict. The winning role depends on a balance between the 'value of winning' and 'power' (relating to contest or armament costs): the winning role is likely to correlate with high value of winning and low costs. Sperm-ovum (or sperm-female tract) conflicts (and their plant parallels) are likely to obey the same principles. Males may typically have higher values of winning, but it is difficult to quantify 'power', and females may often be able to resist mating more cheaply than males can force it. We tentatively predict that sexual conflict will typically result in a higher rate of speciation in 'female-win' clades, that females will be responsible for premating isolation through reinforcement, and that 'female-win' populations will be less genetically diverse.