Maternal manipulation of pollen provisions affects worker production in a small carpenter bee
Maternal manipulation of pollen provisions affects worker production in a small carpenter bee
复制标题
母体对花粉供应的操纵会影响小木蜂工蜂的生产
DOI：
10.1007/s00265-016-2194-z
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Sandra M. Rehan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. P. Lawson;Krista N. Ciaccio;Sandra M. Rehan
母亲在决定后代的体型、行为和健康方面起着关键作用。小木蜂Ceratina calcarata的母亲为它们的第一个雌性后代提供较小的花粉球，导致发育出较小的雌性。这只较小的雌性，被称为侏儒长女，被迫留在巢穴里作为工人觅食和喂养兄弟姐妹。为了更好地了解这种母亲的操纵如何导致在侏儒长女中观察到的生理和行为差异，我们表征并比较了喂给这些雌性与其他后代的花粉球的质量。我们的研究结果证实了早期的研究报告，有一个女性偏见的性别分配在第一个育雏细胞的位置，这些女儿收到的质量规定显着小于其他女儿。除了提供的花粉量较小，我们发现的证据表明，投资于矮长女的花粉质量的母亲控制。晚育细胞接受花粉球显着低于早期育细胞的花的多样性。这种花的多样性的差异影响花粉球的蛋白质含量;在这方面，年长的后代比他们的弟弟妹妹获得更少的蛋白质。这些结果表明，C. calcarata的母亲不仅操纵数量，而且还提供给她的第一个后代的质量，以创造一个小工人，她能够强迫留在巢穴，以帮助提高她的兄弟姐妹。母亲和侏儒长女之间的世代重叠和劳动分工可能代表了高度社会化群体进化的第一步。形成高度社会化群体的主要转变之一是劳动分工。通过操纵后代的资源可用性，父母可以迫使后代留在巢中作为工人，导致父母和后代之间的劳动分工。小木蜂C. calcarata，母亲提供他们的长女较少的食物导致较小的成年体型。这只矮长女（DED）没有机会繁殖，只能作为殖民地的工人。除了整体减少投资外，我们发现母亲还为她的DED提供不同种类的花粉。通过探索影响非真社会性蜜蜂的母性操纵的因素和机制，我们可以开始理解社会群体形成的主要转变之一。
Mothers play a key role in determining the body size, behavior, and fitness of offspring. Mothers of the small carpenter bee, Ceratina calcarata, provide smaller pollen balls to their first female offspring resulting in the development of a smaller female. This smaller female, known as the dwarf eldest daughter, is coerced to stay at the nest to forage and feed siblings as a worker. In order to better understand how this maternal manipulation leads to the physiological and behavioral differences observed in dwarf eldest daughters, we characterized and compared the quality of the pollen balls fed to theses females vs. other offspring. Our results confirm earlier studies reporting that there is a female-biased sex allocation in the first brood cell position and these daughters received mass provisions significantly smaller than other daughters. In addition to the smaller quantities of pollen provisioned, we found evidence for maternal control of the quality of pollen invested in the dwarf eldest daughters. Late brood cells receive pollen balls with significantly less floral diversity than early brood cells. This difference in floral diversity affects the protein content of the pollen balls; in that, older offspring receive less protein than their younger siblings. These results reveal that C. calcarata mothers manipulate not only the quantity but also the quality of the provision provided to her first offspring to create a small worker she is able to coerce to remain at the nest to help raise her siblings. This overlapping of generations and division of labor between mother and dwarf eldest daughter may represent the first steps in the evolution of highly social groups. One of the major transitions to the formation of highly social groups is division of labor. By manipulating resource availability to offspring, parents can force offspring to remain at the nest to serve as a worker leading to a division of labor between parent and offspring. In the small carpenter bee, C. calcarata, mothers provide their eldest daughter with less food resulting in a smaller adult body size. This dwarf eldest daughter (DED) does not have the opportunity to reproduce and serves only as a worker for the colony. In addition to overall reduced investment, we found that mothers also provide a different variety of pollen to her DED. By exploring the factors and mechanisms that influence maternal manipulation in a non-eusocial bee, we can begin to understand one of the major transitions in social group formation.