Is the macronutrient intake of formula-fed infants greater than breast-fed infants in early infancy?
Is the macronutrient intake of formula-fed infants greater than breast-fed infants in early infancy?
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DOI：
10.1155/2012/891201
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Marriage BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hester SN;Hustead DS;Mackey AD;Singhal A;Marriage BJ
与母乳喂养的婴儿相比，婴儿早期体重增加较快可能导致配方奶粉喂养的婴儿日后肥胖的风险更大。体重增加差异的一个可能解释是，配方奶粉喂养的婴儿在出生后的头几周内摄入了更高的常量营养素。使用Medline进行了一项系统评价，以评估母乳喂养和配方奶粉喂养的婴儿在婴儿早期的大量营养素和能量含量以及摄入量。纳入了所有来自健康足月单胎婴儿的报告出生后第一个月母乳成分值的研究。在所有分析日，初乳（平均值，SEM：53.6 ± 2.5 kcal/100 mL）、过渡乳（57.7 ± 4.2 kcal/100 mL）和成熟乳（65.2 ± 1.1 kcal/100 mL）的能量含量均低于传统婴儿配方奶粉（67 kcal/100 mL）。初乳（2.5 ± 0.2 g/100 mL）和过渡乳（1.7 ± 0.1 g/100 mL）的蛋白质含量高于配方乳（1.4 g/100 mL），而成熟乳（1.3 ± 0.1 g/100 mL）的蛋白质含量略低。配方奶粉喂养的婴儿在早期生活中消耗更多体积和更多能量密度的牛奶，导致更快的生长，这可能会导致更大的长期肥胖风险。
Faster weight gain early in infancy may contribute to a greater risk of later obesity in formula-fed compared to breast-fed infants. One potential explanation for the difference in weight gain is higher macronutrient intake in formula-fed infants during the first weeks of life. A systematic review was conducted using Medline to assess the macronutrient and energy content plus volume of intake in breast-fed and formula-fed infants in early infancy. All studies from healthy, term, singleton infants reporting values for the composition of breast milk during the first month of life were included. The energy content of colostrum (mean, SEM: 53.6 ± 2.5 kcal/100 mL), transitional milk (57.7 ± 4.2 kcal/100 mL), and mature milk (65.2 ± 1.1 kcal/100 mL) was lower than conventional infant formula (67 kcal/100 mL) on all days analyzed. The protein concentration of colostrum (2.5 ± 0.2 g/100 mL) and transitional milk (1.7 ± 0.1 g/100 mL) was higher than formula (1.4 g/100 mL), while the protein content of mature milk (1.3 ± 0.1 g/100 mL) was slightly lower. Formula-fed infants consume a higher volume and more energy dense milk in early life leading to faster growth which could potentially program a greater risk of long-term obesity.