Microseismicity on Patches of Higher Compression During Larger‐Scale Earthquake Nucleation in a Rate‐and‐State Fault Model

Microseismicity on Patches of Higher Compression During Larger‐Scale Earthquake Nucleation in a Rate‐and‐State Fault Model
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速率和状态断层模型中较大规模地震成核过程中较高压缩斑块的微震活动

DOI:
10.1029/2018jb016395
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lapusta, Nadia
Lapusta, Nadia
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schaal, Natalie;Lapusta, Nadia

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虽然许多大地震之前都有可观测到的前震,但这些较小规模地震事件发生的机制仍然不确定。对前震的一种物理解释是,它们是由缓慢滑动与断层不均匀性的相互作用产生的。受实验室实验的启发,前震发生在断层凸起(隆起)上,我们通过对它们在长期地震和地震滑动序列中的行为进行三维数值模拟,探索了具有嵌入较大孕震区的较高正应力斑块的速率和状态断层模型。在大规模地震事件的地震成核过程中,模型确实产生了较小规模的地震活动。这些较小规模的事件具有合理的应力降,尽管分配给源块的压缩高度升高。我们发现,两个主要因素有助于合理的应力下降的显着程度的破裂到该地区周围的补丁和地震事件之前的地震应力释放。只有在类前震事件和主震之间的成核尺度达到足够的分离时,才能发生较小规模的地震活动。我们的建模提供了深入了解有利于产生前震的自然和实验室故障的条件。
While many large earthquakes are preceded by observable foreshocks, the mechanism responsible for the occurrence of these smaller‐scale seismic events remains uncertain. One physical explanation of foreshocks with growing support is that they are produced by the interaction of slow slip with fault heterogeneity. Inspired by the suggestion from laboratory experiments that foreshocks occur on fault asperities (bumps), we explore rate‐and‐state fault models with patches of higher normal stress embedded in a larger seismogenic region by conducting 3‐D numerical simulations of their behavior over long‐term sequences of aseismic and seismic slips. The models do produce smaller‐scale seismicity during the aseismic nucleation of larger‐scale seismic events. These smaller‐scale events have reasonable stress drops, despite the highly elevated compression assigned to the source patches. We find that the two main factors contributing to the reasonable stress drops are the significant extent of the rupture into the region surrounding the patches and the aseismic stress release just prior to the seismic events. The smaller‐scale seismicity can only occur if a sufficient separation in nucleation scales between the foreshock‐like events and mainshocks is achieved. Our modeling provides insight into the conditions conducive for generating foreshocks on both natural and laboratory faults.
异质摩擦界面上的成核和动态破裂建模及其在前震中的应用
DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
期刊:
影响因子: --
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