Distraction Can Enhance or Reduce Yielding to Propaganda: Thought Disruption Versus Effort Justification
Distraction Can Enhance or Reduce Yielding to Propaganda: Thought Disruption Versus Effort Justification
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分心可以增强或减少对宣传的屈服：思想干扰与努力辩护
DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.34.5.874
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发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
T. Brock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Petty;G. Wells;T. Brock
两个实验进行了测试的distractionpersuasion关系，思想中断和努力的理由竞争帐户，也表明，这种关系并不限于反态度的沟通。实验1不同的分心，并采用了两个差异的消息不同，他们是多么容易反驳。与思维中断理论的雅阁一致，对于容易反驳的信息，增加注意力分散会增强说服力，但对于难以反驳的信息，会降低说服力。努力的概念意味着没有与消息可对抗性的交互。实验2再次改变分心，但这两个消息采取了一个nondiscrepant的立场。一条信息主要引起有利的想法，分散注意力的效果是减少产生有利想法的数量;另一条不太令人信服的信息主要引起反驳，分散注意力的效果是减少反驳。一个消息X分心的互动表明，分心往往会提高说服力的counterconsiderable消息，但减少说服力的消息，引起主要是有利的想法。这些实验共同提供了一个比Festinger-Maccoby公式更具有普遍性的原则的支持：分心通过抑制对说服性沟通的主导认知反应来起作用，因此，它可以导致增强或减少接受。
Two experiments were conducted to test competing accounts of the distractionpersuasion relationship, thought disruption and effort justification, and also to show that the relationship is not limited to counterattitudinal communication. Experiment 1 varied distraction and employed two discrepant messages differing in how easy they were to counterargue. In accord with the thought disruption account, increasing distraction enhanced persuasion for a message that was readily counterarguable, but reduced persuasion for a message that was difficult to counterargue. The effort notion implied no interaction with message counterarguability. Experiment 2 again varied distraction but the two messages took a nondiscrepant position. One message elicited primarily favorable thoughts and the effect of distraction was to reduce the number of favorable thoughts generated; the other, less convincing message elicited primarily counterarguments, and the effect of distraction was to reduce counterarguments. A Message X Distraction interaction indicated that distraction tended to enhance persuasion for the counterarguable message but reduce persuasion for the message that elicited primarily favorable thoughts. The experiments together provided support for a principle having greater generality than the Festinger-Maccoby formulation: Distraction works by inhibiting the dominant cognitive response to persuasive communication and, therefore, it can result in either enhanced or reduced acceptance.