Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets
Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1055
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Sears, Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnston, Carol S.;Tjonn, Sherrie L.;Sears, Barry
背景资料：低碳水化合物饮食可能比传统的低脂肪、高碳水化合物饮食促进更大的体重减轻。目的：我们比较了坚持生酮低碳水化合物（KLC）饮食或非生酮低碳水化合物（NLC）饮食的成年人的体重减轻和生物标志物变化。设计：20名成年人[体重指数（kg/m2）：34.4 +/- 1.0]被随机分配到KLC（60%的能量为脂肪，开始时约5%的能量为碳水化合物）或NLC（30%的能量为脂肪;约40%的能量为碳水化合物）饮食。在为期6周的试验中，参与者久坐不动，24小时的摄入量受到严格控制。（KLC和NLC节食者分别为6.3 +/- 0.6和7.2 +/- 0.8 kg; P = 0.324）和脂肪损失（KLC和NLC节食者分别为3.4和5.5 kg; P = 0.111）在6周后各组之间没有显著差异。第2周时，KLC节食者的血液β-羟基丁酸是NLC节食者的3.6倍（P = 0.018），LDL胆固醇与血液β-羟基丁酸直接相关（r = 0.297，P = 0.025）。总体而言，在6周试验期间，两个饮食组的胰岛素敏感性和静息能量消耗增加，血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶浓度降低（P < 0.05）。然而，炎症风险（花生四烯酸：二十碳五烯酸的比例在血浆磷脂）和活力的看法受到不利影响的KLC比NLC diet.Conclusions：KLC和NLC饮食同样有效地降低体重和胰岛素抵抗，但KLC饮食与一些不利的代谢和情绪的影响。使用生酮饮食来减肥是不必要的。
Background: Low-carbohydrate diets may promote greater weight loss than does the conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.Objective: We compared weight loss and biomarker change in adults adhering to a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (KLC) diet or a nonketogenic low-carbohydrate (NLC) diet.Design: Twenty adults [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 34.4 +/- 1.0] were randomly assigned to the KLC (60% of energy as fat, beginning with approximate to 5% of energy as carbohydrate) or NLC (30% of energy as fat; approximate to 40% of energy as carbohydrate) diet. During the 6-wk trial, participants were sedentary, and 24-h intakes were strictly controlled.Results: Mean ( SE) weight losses (6.3 +/- 0.6 and 7.2 +/- 0.8 kg in KLC and NLC dieters, respectively; P = 0.324) and fat losses (3.4 and 5.5 kg in KLC and NLC dieters, respectively; P = 0.111) did not differ significantly by group after 6 wk. Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate in the KLC dieters was 3.6 times that in the NLC dieters at week 2 (P = 0.018), and LDL cholesterol was directly correlated with blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (r = 0.297, P = 0.025). Overall, insulin sensitivity and resting energy expenditure increased and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations decreased in both diet groups during the 6-wk trial (P < 0.05). However, inflammatory risk (arachidonic acid: eicosapentaenoic acid ratios in plasma phospholipids) and perceptions of vigor were more adversely affected by the KLC than by the NLC diet.Conclusions: KLC and NLC diets were equally effective in reducing body weight and insulin resistance, but the KLC diet was associated with several adverse metabolic and emotional effects. The use of ketogenic diets for weight loss is not warranted.