BLACK-BACKED JACKAL EXPOSURE TO RABIES VIRUS, CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS, AND BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IN ETOSHA NATIONAL PARK, NAMIBIA
BLACK-BACKED JACKAL EXPOSURE TO RABIES VIRUS, CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS, AND BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IN ETOSHA NATIONAL PARK, NAMIBIA
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DOI：
10.7589/0090-3558-48.2.371
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Getz, Wayne M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bellan, Steve E.;Cizauskas, Carrie A.;Getz, Wayne M.
犬瘟热病毒 (CDV) 和狂犬病病毒 (RABV) 在世界范围内的野生食肉动物和家犬种群中发生，对野生动物保护和公共卫生构成威胁。在纳米比亚埃托沙国家公园 (ENP)，炭疽病呈地方性流行，其尸体经常被异常密集的黑背豺 (Canis mesomelas) 吃掉。利用血清学、系统发育分析（2009年2月至2010年7月获得的样本）和历史死亡率记录（1975-2011年），我们评估了豺狼对炭疽杆菌（BA；炭疽病致病菌）、CDV和RABV的暴露情况。 BA（95%，n=86）和CDV（71%，n=80）抗体的流行率相对较高，而RABV抗体的流行率较低（9%，n=81）。随着年龄的增长，BA 的暴露量显着增加，所有 >6 个月大的动物均呈抗体阳性。与 BA 一样，CDV 抗体的流行率随着年龄的增长而显着增加，在研究的两年中具有相似的年龄特异性趋势。年龄对 RABV 抗体的流行率没有显着影响。七只携带 RABV 抗体的动物中的三只在取样后经过一年多的监测，没有显示出活动性感染的迹象。死亡率记录显示，ENP 旅游营地内几乎每年都会有患有狂犬病的动物被消灭。系统发育分析表明，ENP 中的豺狼 RABV 与纳米比亚的其他狗-豺狼 RABV 循环属于同一传播周期的一部分。
Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RABV) occur worldwide in wild carnivore and domestic dog populations and pose threats to wildlife conservation and public health. In Etosha National Park (ENP), Namibia, anthrax is endemic and generates carcasses frequently fed on by an unusually dense population of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas). Using serology, phylogenetic analyses (on samples obtained from February 2009-July 2010), and historical mortality records (1975-2011), we assessed jackal exposure to Bacillus anthracis (BA; the causal bacterial agent of anthrax), CDV, and RABV. Prevalence of antibodies against BA (95%, n=86) and CDV (71%, n=80) was relatively high, while that of antibodies against RABV was low (9%, n=81). Exposure to BA increased significantly with age, and all animals >6 mo old were antibody-positive. As with BA, prevalence of antibodies against CDV increased significantly with age, with similar age-specific trends during both years of the study. No significant effect of age was found on the prevalence of antibodies against RABV. Three of the seven animals with antibodies against RABV were monitored for more than 1 yr after sampling and showed no signs of active infection. Mortality records revealed that rabid animals are destroyed nearly every year inside the ENP tourist camps. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that jackal RABV in ENP is part of the same transmission cycle as other dog-jackal RABV cycles in Namibia.