Improving the productivity and profitability of irrigated rice production in Mauritania
Improving the productivity and profitability of irrigated rice production in Mauritania
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DOI：
10.1016/s1161-0301(00)00094-0
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Maubuisson, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haefele, SM;Wopereis, MCS;Maubuisson, J
与42个大农场主和推广人员合作，分析了1997年雨季（7月至12月）塞内加尔河三角洲和中部山谷毛里塔尼亚灌溉水稻的产量、投入使用、生产力和盈利能力。目的是确定水稻种植的农艺限制，并评估旨在克服这些限制的替代作物管理策略。粮食产量范围为0.9至8.5吨公顷（-1），平均4.4吨公顷（-1）。根据作物模拟，农民田地的平均产量潜力估计为8.6吨/公顷，表明增产的空间很大。我们的调查确定了以下主要农艺限制：（i）氮肥施用时间与水稻作物关键氮需求生长阶段之间的不匹配;（ii）缺磷土壤上不使用磷肥;（iii）杂草管理基本上被忽视或效率低下;（iv）收获晚，通常是由于联合收割机不可用。根据这些结果，我们测试了改善营养和杂草管理的做法，在1998年雨季与农民。改进的养分管理（即T1：在分蘖开始、穗分化和孕穗期分三次施用20 kg P/ha和150 kg N/ha）使产量增加0.9 t/ha。改进的杂草管理（即T2：在杂草的2-3叶期施用6.0 L敌稗（1公顷）和2.0 L 2，4-D-胺（1公顷））也比农民的做法（TP）提高了0.9吨公顷（-1）的产量。T1和T2（即T3）的组合效应是相加的：改善养分和杂草管理使产量增加1.8吨公顷（1），超过农民平均产量3.9吨公顷（1），即增加近50%。改进的作物管理措施是非常有利可图的：与农民的做法相比，T1和T2的净效益增加了40%，T3的净效益增加了约85%，而添加剂的投资最少。在毛里塔尼亚，用于T3的投入相对容易获得。我们的结论是，农民对改善营养和杂草管理的盈利能力的认识提高，可能会对毛里塔尼亚水稻生产的竞争力产生巨大影响（C）2001爱思唯尔科学有限公司版权所有。
Yield, input use, productivity and profitability of irrigated rice in Mauritania were analyzed during the 1997 wet season (July-December) in the Senegal river delta and middle valley, in collaboration with 42 large farmers and extension staff. Objectives were to determine agronomic constraints to rice cropping and to evaluate alternative crop management strategies aimed at overcoming these constraints. Grain yields ranged from 0.9 to 8.5 t ha(-1) and averaged 4.4 t ha(-1). Based on crop simulations, average yield potential in farmers' fields was estimated at 8.6 t ha(-1) indicating considerable scope for increased yields. Our survey identified the following main agronomic constraints: (i) mismatches between timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications and critical N demanding growth stages of the rice plant; (ii) non-use of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on P deficient soils; (iii) largely neglected or inefficient weed management and (iv) late harvesting, often due to non-availability of combine harvesters. Based on these results we tested improved nutrient and weed management practices with farmers during the 1998 wet season. Improved nutrient management (i.e. T1: application of 20 kg P ha(-1) and 150 kg N ha(-1) in three splits at start tillering, panicle initiation and booting) increased yields by 0.9 t ha(-1). Improved weed management (i.e. T2: application of 6.0 L propanil ha (1) and 2.0 L 2,4-D-amine ha (1) at :2-3 leaf stage of weeds) also raised yields by 0.9 t ha(-1) as compared to farmers' practice (TP). The combined effect of T1 and T2 (i.e. T3) was additive: improving both nutrient and weed management raised yields by 1.8 t ha (1) over average farmers' yields of 3.9 t ha (1), i.e. an increase of almost 50%. The improved crop management practices were highly profitable: compared to farmers' practice, net benefits increased by 40% for T1 and T2 and by about 85%, for T3, with minimal additive investments. Inputs used for T3 are relatively easily available in Mauritania. We concluded that increased farmer awareness of the profitability of improved nutrient and weed management may have a tremendous impact on the competitiveness of rice production in Mauritania (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.