Effects of Different Crude Protein and Dietary Fiber Levels on the Comparative Energy and Nutrient Utilization in Sows and Growing Pigs
Effects of Different Crude Protein and Dietary Fiber Levels on the Comparative Energy and Nutrient Utilization in Sows and Growing Pigs
复制标题
不同粗蛋白和膳食纤维水平对母猪和生长猪能量和养分利用比较的影响
DOI：
10.3390/ani10030495
复制
发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Li, Defa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong, Wenxuan;Zhang, Gang;Li, Defa
准确评估饲喂母猪的成分的营养价值在养猪生产中具有很高的价值，这些价值应该随着母猪的遗传改良而不断更新。在NRC(2012年)的饲料表中，生长猪和成年母猪对于相同的成分被分配了相同的可用能值，而在中国和法国(INRA)发布的饲料表中使用了两个不同的值。需要更多的研究和努力来解决这些冲突，而目前从动物试验中获得的数据有限。因此，我们对饲喂生长猪和成年母猪的8种成分的营养价值进行了测定和比较，发现与生长猪相比，饲喂豆粕或棉籽粕时母猪的有效能量和养分消化率较低，粗蛋白含量是根据生长猪的测定值来估计母猪饲料成分的有效能值的良好预测指标。本研究结果可为母猪日粮的准确配方提供依据。本研究旨在测定和比较生长猪和母猪饲喂的8种成分的消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)值以及能量和营养物质的表观全肠道消化率(ATTD)。用48头杂交公猪或6头未怀孕母猪的两个试验按完全随机设计或伪拉丁方设计分配到8个处理中，每个日粮处理6头重复猪。饮食处理的配方包括两种谷物成分：玉米和小麦；两种高蛋白低纤维含量的成分：豆粕(SBM)和棉籽粕(CSM)；两种中等蛋白质含量和中等纤维含量的成分(MPMF)：玉米蒸馏器可溶干谷物(DDGS)和玉米胚芽粉(CGM)；以及两种低蛋白质含量和高纤维含量的成分(LPHF)：小麦麸皮(WB)和棕榈仁粉(PKM)。与生长猪相比，饲喂谷物成分的成年母猪能量和营养物质的DE、ME值和ATTD较高，而饲喂HPLF成分的成年母猪除酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)外，其他能量和营养物质的DE、ME含量和ATTD较低。此外，在饲喂MPMF和LPHF成分时，成年母猪和生长猪的能量和营养物质的能量和代谢能含量以及ATTD没有差异，但成年母猪的粗蛋白ATTD高于生长猪。结果表明，与生长猪相比，饲喂SBM和CSM的母猪有效能量和养分消化率较低。在根据生长猪测定的DE和ME值预测母猪的DE和ME值时，应考虑成分中的粗蛋白含量。
Simple Summary Accurate evaluation of the nutritional values of ingredients fed to sows is highly valuable in swine production, and those values should be kept updated with the genetic improvement of sows. In the feedstuff tables of NRC (2012), the same available energy value was assigned for growing pigs and adult sows for the same ingredient, whereas two different values were used in the feedstuff tables published in China and France (INRA). More research and efforts are required to solve these conflicts, while data gained from animal trials are limited currently. Therefore, we determined and compared the nutritional values of eight ingredients fed to both growing pigs and adult sows, and found that sows had lower available energy and nutrient digestibility when fed soybean meal or cottonseed meal compared with growing pigs, and the crude protein content is a good predictor to estimate the available energy values of ingredients fed to sows based on the values measured from growing pigs. The results of the current study can facilitate the accurate formulation of sow diets. Abstract This study was conducted to determine and compare digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in eight ingredients fed to both growing pigs and sows. Two experiments with 48 crossbred barrows or six non-pregnant sows were allotted to eight treatments in a completely randomized design or a pseudo Latin square with six replicated pigs per dietary treatment. The dietary treatments were formulated with two cereal ingredients: corn and wheat; two ingredients with a high protein level and a low fiber level (HPLF): soybean meal (SBM) and cottonseed meal (CSM); two ingredients with medium protein level and medium fiber level (MPMF): corn distiller’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn germ meal (CGM); and two ingredients with a low protein level and a high fiber level (LPHF): wheat bran (WB) and palm kernel meal (PKM), respectively. Adult sows had greater DE and ME values and ATTD of energy and nutrients when fed cereal ingredients compared with growing pigs, and had lower DE and ME contents and ATTD of energy and nutrients except for acid detergent fiber (ADF) when fed HPLF ingredients compared with growing pigs. Moreover, no differences were observed between adult sows and growing pigs in DE and ME contents and ATTD of energy and nutrients when fed MPMF and LPHF ingredients, except that adult sows showed a greater ATTD of crude protein (CP) when fed MPMF ingredients compared with growing pigs. Our results indicate that sows had a lower available energy and nutrient digestibility when fed SBM or CSM compared with growing pigs. Crude protein contents in ingredients should be considered when predicting DE and ME values in sows based on the DE and ME values measured from growing pigs.