MECHANICS OF POSTURE AND GAIT OF SOME LARGE DINOSAURS
MECHANICS OF POSTURE AND GAIT OF SOME LARGE DINOSAURS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb00871.x
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
ALEXANDER, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALEXANDER, RM
恐龙[红腹角龙、霸王龙雷克斯、路易迷惑龙、布氏腕龙、卡氏梁龙、伯尼萨龙、剑龙和短三角龙]骨骼和恐龙模型的尺寸被用作计算的基础，旨在揭示恐龙的姿势和步态。从模型的体积中获得的一些恐龙的质量估计值与以前的估计值进行了比较。从模型中得出的恐龙质心的位置表明，一些大型四足恐龙的后腿支撑着大部分体重，并且可能能够用后腿直立起来。根据模型测量结果，导出了大型恐龙背部弯矩沿着的分布。计算出使Dipiodocus站立所需的轴上肌张力。这种恐龙的长脖子很可能是由一些结构支撑的，这些结构贯穿其颈椎和背椎骨的神经棘中的凹口。这种假设结构的性质进行了讨论。试图重建蜥脚类恐龙的行走步态，从化石足迹的模式。恐龙腿骨的尺寸进行了比较，预测哺乳动物的同等体重，通过外推的异速生长方程。它们的尺寸也用于计算一个量，该量用作弯曲强度的指标。与现代动物的价值观进行比较，导致人们对恐龙的运动表现进行猜测。恐龙的脚施加在地面上的压力的估计被用于讨论恐龙在软地面上行走的能力。
Dimensions of dinosaur [Antrodemus valens, Tyrannosaurus rex, Apatosaurus louisae, Brachiosaurus brancai, Diplodocus carnegiei, Iquanodon bernissartensis, Stegosaurus ungulatus and Triceratops prorsus] bones and of models of dinosaurs have been used as the basis for calculations designed to throw light on the posture and gaits of dinosaurs. Estimates of the masses of some dinosaurs, obtained from the volumes of models, are compared with previous estimates. The positions of dinosaurs'' centers of mass, derived from models, show that some large quadrupedal dinosaurs supported most of their weight on their hind legs and were probably capable of rearing up on their hind legs. Distributions of bending moments along the backs of large dinosaurs are derived from measurements on models. The tensions required in epaxial muscles to enable Dipiodocus to stand are calculated. It is likely that the long neck of this dinosaur was supported by some structure running through the notches in the neural spines of its cervical and dorsal vertebrae. The nature of this hypothetical structure is discussed. An attempt is made to reconstruct the walking gait of sauropod dinosaurs, from the pattern of footprints in fossil tracks. The dimensions of dinosaur leg bones are compared to predictions for mammals of equal body mass, obtained by extrapolation of allometric equations. Their dimensions are also used to calculate a quantity which is used as an indicator of strength in bending. Comparisons with values for modern animals lead to speculations about the athletic performance of dinosaurs. Estimates of pressures exerted on the ground by the feet of dinosaurs are used in a discussion of the ability of dinosaurs to walk over soft ground.