Stem cells and corneal epithelial maintenance: insights from the mouse and other animal models.
Stem cells and corneal epithelial maintenance: insights from the mouse and other animal models.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_19
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
West, John D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mort, Richard L;Douvaras, Panagiotis;Morley, Steven D;Dora, Natalie;Hill, Robert E;Collinson, J Martin;West, John D
角膜上皮的维持对于视力是必不可少的，并且是一个动态过程，包括恒定的细胞产生、移动和损失。尽管涉及移植假定的干细胞的基于细胞的疗法对于治疗人类角膜缺陷是很先进的，但是对这些干预的科学理解是贫乏的。没有明确的标记，区分干细胞，维持角膜上皮从周围组织已被发现，这些难以捉摸的细胞的身份，因此，激烈的辩论。角膜上皮维持的关键要素早已被认识到，但仍然不知道在正常稳态期间如何协调这种动态平衡以确保角膜上皮维持在均匀的厚度。大多数间接实验证据支持角膜缘上皮干细胞（LESC）假说，该假说提出成人角膜上皮由位于角膜周边的利姆布斯中的干细胞维持。然而，这最近受到了角膜上皮干细胞（CESC）假说的挑战，该假说提出，在正常的稳态期间，小鼠角膜上皮由位于整个基底角膜上皮的干细胞维持，LESC仅在伤口愈合期间起作用。在这一章中，我们回顾实验研究，主要是基于动物的工作，提供了深入了解干细胞如何维持正常的角膜上皮，并考虑替代LESC和CESC假说的优点。最后，我们强调了最近对其他干细胞系统的一些研究，并考虑这将如何影响未来的研究方向，以确定维持角膜上皮的干细胞。
Maintenance of the corneal epithelium is essential for vision and is a dynamic process incorporating constant cell production, movement and loss. Although cell based therapies involving the transplantation of putative stem cells are well advanced for the treatment of human corneal defects, the scientific understanding of these interventions is poor. No definitive marker that discriminates stem cells that maintain the corneal epithelium from the surrounding tissue has been discovered and the identity of these elusive cells is, therefore, hotly debated. The key elements of corneal epithelial maintenance have long been recognised but it is still not known how this dynamic balance is coordinated during normal homeostasis to ensure the corneal epithelium is maintained at a uniform thickness. Most indirect experimental evidence supports the limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) hypothesis, which proposes that the adult corneal epithelium is maintained by stem cells located in the limbus at the corneal periphery. However, this has been challenged recently by the corneal epithelial stem cell (CESC) hypothesis, which proposes that during normal homeostasis the mouse corneal epithelium is maintained by stem cells located throughout the basal corneal epithelium with LESCs only contributing during wound healing. In this chapter we review experimental studies, mostly based on animal work, that provide insights into how stem cells maintain the normal corneal epithelium and consider the merits of the alternative LESC and CESC hypotheses. Finally, we highlight some recent research on other stem cell systems and consider how this could influence future research directions for identifying the stem cells that maintain the corneal epithelium.