Two developmentally temporal quantitative trait loci underlie convergent evolution of increased branchial bone length in sticklebacks
Two developmentally temporal quantitative trait loci underlie convergent evolution of increased branchial bone length in sticklebacks
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2014.0822
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发表时间：
2014-08-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Miller, Craig T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Erickson, Priscilla A.;Glazer, Andrew M.;Miller, Craig T.
在收敛进化中，相似的表型在独立的种群中重复进化，通常反映了对相似环境的适应。了解趋同进化是通过相似还是不同的遗传和发育机制进行的，有助于洞察进化的可重复性和可预测性。三刺刺鱼的海洋种群反复在无数的淡水湖和溪流中定居，在那里，新的食物导致了与摄食相关的形态适应。在这里，我们展示了颧骨长度的可遗传增长在两个独立派生的淡水刺鱼种群中一致进化。在这两个群体中，青少年骨生长速度的增加是趋同的成人表型的基础，其中一个群体也有较长的软骨模板。利用这两个淡水群体的F-2杂交，我们证明了在发育的不同时间点，有两个数量性状基因座(QTL)控制颧骨长度。在这两个群体中，21号染色体上的一个QTL控制着整个幼年发育过程中的骨骼长度，而4号染色体上的一个QTL只控制着成年人的骨骼长度。除了这些相似的发育特征外，这些QTL在两个群体中显示出相似的染色体位置。我们的结果表明，在两个独立派生的种群中，刺鱼利用相似的遗传和发育程序一致地进化出更长的颧骨。
In convergent evolution, similar phenotypes evolve repeatedly in independent populations, often reflecting adaptation to similar environments. Understanding whether convergent evolution proceeds via similar or different genetic and developmental mechanisms offers insight towards the repeatability and predictability of evolution. Oceanic populations of three-spine stickleback fish, Gasterosteus aculeatus, have repeatedly colonized countless freshwater lakes and streams, where new diets lead to morphological adaptations related to feeding. Here, we show that heritable increases in branchial bone length have convergently evolved in two independently derived freshwater stickleback populations. In both populations, an increased bone growth rate in juveniles underlies the convergent adult phenotype, and one population also has a longer cartilage template. Using F-2 crosses from these two freshwater populations, we show that two quantitative trait loci (QTL) control branchial bone length at distinct points in development. In both populations, a QTL on chromosome 21 controls bone length throughout juvenile development, and a QTL on chromosome 4 controls bone length only in adults. In addition to these similar developmental profiles, these QTL show similar chromosomal locations in both populations. Our results suggest that sticklebacks have convergently evolved longer branchial bones using similar genetic and developmental programmes in two independently derived populations.