Livestock Raiding Among the Pastoral Turkana of Kenya: Redistribution, Predation and the Links to Famine
Livestock Raiding Among the Pastoral Turkana of Kenya: Redistribution, Predation and the Links to Famine
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肯尼亚图尔卡纳牧区的牲畜劫掠：重新分配、掠夺以及与饥荒的联系
DOI：
10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27003003.x
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Armon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Hendrickson;R. Mearns;J. Armon
肯尼亚图尔卡纳游牧民族长期以来对饥荒的错误认识是一个基本上由“干旱驱动”的事件，如今人们越来越认识到牲畜袭击在应对策略崩溃中发挥的关键作用。然而，这篇文章认为，抢牛现象本身不是问题。相反，这是多年来袭击已经转变的时尚，从一种具有重要生计改善功能的准文化实践，转变为由经济逻辑和现代暴力形式驱动的更具掠夺性的形式。本文试图了解掠夺性袭击及其影响的不断变化的功能，袭击服务于牧区society.The文章使用的武装冲突和生计脆弱性的模型来说明如何暴力和暴力的威胁与干旱相互作用，破坏牧民的应对策略。
Summaries The long‐persisting and erroneous conception of famine among the pastoral Turkana of Kenya as an essentially ‘drought‐driven’ event has given way to growing recognition today of the key role which livestock raiding plays in the breakdown of coping strategies. However, this article argues that the phenomenon of cattle raids per se is not the problem. Rather it is the fashion in which raiding has been transformed over the years, from a quasi‐cultural practice with important livelihood‐enhancing functions, into more predatory forms driven by an economic logic and modern forms of violence. This article seeks to understand predatory raiding and its effects in terms of the changing functions which raiding serves within pastoral society and, increasingly, outside it. The article uses a model of armed conflict and livelihood vulnerability to illustrate how violence and the threat of violence interact with drought to undermine the coping strategies of herders.