Beverage Consumption in Relation to Discretionary Food Intake and Diet Quality among US Adults, 2003 to 2012
Beverage Consumption in Relation to Discretionary Food Intake and Diet Quality among US Adults, 2003 to 2012
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jand.2015.08.009
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
An, Ruopeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
An, Ruopeng
背景 大多数美国人将饮料和随意食品（通常营养价值低，但糖、钠、脂肪和胆固醇含量高）作为日常饮食的一部分，这深刻影响了他们的能量平衡和营养状况。 目的 本研究调查了美国成年人不同类型饮料的消费与随意食品摄入量和饮食质量的关系。 方法 2003 年至 2012 年国家健康和营养检查调查中 22,513 名成年人的全国代表性样本分析了。自由食品类别指的是能量密集、营养贫乏的食品，这些食品不一定提供人体所需的必需营养素，但可以增加品种。一阶差分估计器通过使用 2 个非连续 24 小时饮食回忆之间饮食和饮料消耗的个体内差异，解决了来自时不变不可观察因素（例如饮食习惯、口味偏好）的混杂偏差。结果 大约 21.7%、42.9%、52.8%、26.3% 和 22.2% 的研究参与者饮用了减肥饮料、含糖饮料(SSB)、咖啡、茶和酒精，90.1% 的人在任何一天都食用可自由支配的食物。在各种饮料类型中，酒精（384.8 kcal）和SSB（226.2 kcal）的消耗与每日总卡路里摄入量的最大增幅相关；咖啡（60.7 kcal）和减肥饮料（48.8 kcal）的摄入量与每日从非必需食品中摄入的热量增幅最大有关，而 SSB 的摄入量则与 2010 年健康饮食指数测得的每日总体饮食质量的最大下降有关。饮料消费对每日卡路里摄入量（总体和来自非必需食品的热量）和饮食质量的影响因个人社会人口统计和体重状况而异。与减肥饮料消费相关的每日卡路里摄入增量在肥胖成年人中最高，而与 SSB 相关的每日卡路里摄入增量在正常体重成年人中最高。 结论 促进健康饮食的干预措施应在整体饮食行为的背景下评估饮料消费量。
Background A majority of Americans consume beverages and discretionary foods - foods that are typically low in nutrient value but high in sugar, sodium, fats, and cholesterol-as part of their daily diet, which profoundly impacts their energy balance and nutritional status.Objective This study examined consumption of different types of beverages in relation to discretionary food intake and diet quality among US adults.Methods Nationally representative sample of 22,513 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2012 waves were analyzed. The discretionary food category identifies energy-dense, nutrient-poor food products that do not necessarily provide essential nutrients that the human body needs, but can add variety. First-difference estimator addressed confounding bias from time-invariant unobservables (eg, eating habits, taste preferences) by using within-individual variations in diet and beverage consumption between 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls.Results Approximately 21.7%, 42.9%, 52.8%, 26.3%, and 22.2% of study participants consumed diet beverage, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), coffee, tea, and alcohol, respectively, and 90.1% consumed discretionary foods on any given day. Across beverage types, alcohol (384.8 kcal) and SSB (226.2 kcal) consumption was associated with the largest increase in daily total calorie intake; coffee (60.7 kcal) and diet-beverage (48.8 kcal) consumption was associated with the largest increase in daily calorie intake from discretionary foods, and SSB consumption was associated with the largest reduction in daily overall diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2010. The impact of beverage consumption on daily calorie intake (overall and from discretionary foods) and diet quality differed across individual sociodemographics and body-weight status. The incremental daily calorie intake from discretionary foods associated with diet-beverage consumption was highest in obese adults, and that associated with SSB was highest in normal-weight adults.Conclusions Interventions to promote healthy eating should assess beverage consumption in the context of overall dietary behavior.