Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia
复制标题
DOI：
10.1067/mlc.2001.113504
复制
发表时间：
2001-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nair, KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morley, JE;Baumgartner, RN;Nair, KS
肌肉减少症是一个术语，用于定义随着衰老而发生的肌肉质量和力量的损失。据信，肌肉减少症在老年衰弱和功能障碍的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。随着年龄的增长，肌肉会逐渐萎缩。据估计，具有临床意义的肌肉减少症的患病率在年轻老年女性中为 8.8%，在老年男性中为 17.5%。肥胖和肌肉减少症（“脂肪虚弱”）的人比那些吃肌肉减少症和非肥胖的人结果更差。随着年龄的增长，IIa 型肌纤维会出现不成比例的萎缩。还有证据表明，肌球蛋白重链蛋白（主要的合成代谢蛋白）的合成率与年龄有关。支配肌肉的运动单位随着年龄的增长而衰退，并且肌肉单位放电的不规则性增加。有迹象表明，细胞因子，尤其是白细胞介素-1p、肿瘤坏死因子-ct 和白细胞介素-6，在肌肉减少症的发病机制中发挥作用。同样，合成代谢激素（即睾酮、脱氢表雄酮生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子 I）的下降也与肌肉减少过程有关。衰老引起的生理性厌食症的作用仍有待确定。随着年龄的增长，体力活动减少似乎是导致肌肉减少症的关键因素。需要加强对肌肉减少症发病机制相关因素的研究。
Sarcopenia is a term utilized to define the loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging. Sarcopenia is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of frailty and functional impairment that occurs with old age. Progressive muscle wasting occurs with aging. The prevalence of clinically significant sarcopenia is estimated to range from 8.8% in young old women to 17.5% in old old men. Persons who are obese and sarcopenic (the "fat frail") have worse outcomes than those who ate sarcopenic and non-obese. There is a disproportionate atrophy of type IIa muscle fibers with aging. There is also evidence of an age-related decrease in the synthesis rate of myosin heavy chain proteins, the major anabolic protein. Motor units innervating muscle decline with aging, and there is increased irregularity of muscle unit firing. There are indications that cytokines-especially interleukin-lp, tumor necrosis factor-ct, and interleukin-6-play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Similarly, the decline in anabolic hormones-namely, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I-is also implicated in the sarcopenic process. The role of the physiologic anorexia of aging remains to be determined. Decreased physical activity with aging appears to be the key factor involved in producing sarcopenia. An increased research emphasis on the factors involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is needed.