Inequity aversion in rats, Rattus norvegicus
Inequity aversion in rats, Rattus norvegicus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.007
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kalenscher, Tobias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oberliessen, Lina;Hernandez-Lallement, Julen;Kalenscher, Tobias
不利的不公平厌恶(IA)是对不公平的结果分配做出的一种行为反应，在为获得回报所做的类似努力下，给自己带来的回报比对同种人产生的回报要小。这种行为反应旨在最大限度地减少不公平的报酬分配。有人提出，这对合作的出现至关重要。人类表现出与IA相容的选择模式，正如最近提出的那样，合作的非人类物种，如灵长类动物、乌鸦和狗，也对不利的不公平结果做出负面反应。在这里，我们问大鼠对这种不公平的结果是否敏感。在双T迷宫装置中，行为大鼠可以选择进入两个不同的间隔中的一个，然后同种(伙伴大鼠)进入相邻的伙伴间隔。配对的隔间的一侧与公平的报酬分配有关(行为人和合伙人的报酬相同)，而进入另一个配对的隔间会导致不公平的报酬分配(其中合伙人获得更大的报酬)。这两个隔间对这位演员都产生了相同的奖励。使用受试者内部设计，我们比较了行为鼠在社会条件下的选择与非社会基线控制条件下的选择，在非社会基线控制条件下，玩具鼠取代了伙伴鼠。行为大鼠表现出不利的内隐反应：它们更喜欢社会公平的结果，而不是玩具条件。此外，IA在大鼠之间有很大的变异性。这种社会偏好的异质性可以部分解释为依赖于社会等级的对IA的敏感性，因为优势动物比从属动物表现出更高的IA。我们的研究为社会脊椎动物中依赖社会等级的不利IA提供了证据。我们的发现与公平感可能在人类出现之前很久就已经进化的概念是一致的。因此，IA可能是许多社会物种共有的一项基本组织原则，它塑造了个体在较大群体中相互关联的复杂社会动态。(C)2016年动物行为研究协会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Disadvantageous inequity aversion (IA) is a behavioural response to an inequitable outcome distribution yielding a smaller reward to oneself than to a conspecific, given comparable efforts to obtain the reward. This behavioural response aims to minimize unfair reward distributions. It has been proposed to be essential for the emergence of cooperation. Humans show choice patterns compatible with IA and, as recently suggested, cooperative nonhuman species such as primates, corvids and dogs also respond negatively to disadvantageous inequitable outcomes. Here, we asked whether rats are sensitive to such inequitable outcomes. In a double T-maze apparatus, actor rats could choose to enter one of two different compartments after which a conspecific (partner rat) entered the adjoining partner compartment. One side of the paired compartments was associated with an equitable reward distribution (identical amount for the actor and the partner) whereas entry into the other paired compartment led to an inequitable reward distribution (in which the partner received a larger reward). Both compartments yielded an identical reward for the actor. Using a within-subjects design, we compared the actor rats' choices in the social condition with a nonsocial baseline control condition in which a toy rat replaced the partner rat. Actor rats exhibited disadvantageous IA: they preferred equitable outcomes in the social, but not the toy condition. Moreover, there was large variability in IA between rats. This heterogeneity in social preference could be partly explained by a social-hierarchy-dependent sensitivity to IA, as dominant animals showed higher IA than subordinate animals. Our study provides evidence for social-hierarchy-dependent disadvantageous IA in social vertebrates. Our findings are consistent with the notion that a sense of fairness may have evolved long before humans emerged. IA may therefore be a basic organizational principle, shared by many social species, that shapes the intricate social dynamics of individuals interrelating in larger groups. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.