Haloferax volcanii Immersed Liquid Biofilms Develop Independently of Known Biofilm Machineries and Exhibit Rapid Honeycomb Pattern Formation.
Haloferax volcanii Immersed Liquid Biofilms Develop Independently of Known Biofilm Machineries and Exhibit Rapid Honeycomb Pattern Formation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00976-20
复制
发表时间：
2020-12-16
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Pohlschroder M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schiller H;Schulze S;Mutan Z;de Vaulx C;Runcie C;Schwartz J;Rados T;Bisson Filho AW;Pohlschroder M
这是第一次对古菌浸没液体生物膜进行分子生物学研究，这推进了我们对模式古菌Haloferax volcano ii的基本生物学理解。从这项研究中收集的数据也为未来的研究提供了宝贵的基础，以揭示在这种盐古菌中浸没液体生物膜所需的成分，以及通常液体生物膜形成所需的成分，与表面上生物膜的形成相比，这一点知之甚少。形成生物膜的能力由许多微生物共享，包括古细菌。生物膜中的细胞被包裹在细胞外聚合物物质中，这些物质通常包括多糖、蛋白质和细胞外DNA，在提供允许最佳营养流的结构的同时提供保护。在许多细菌中，鞭毛和进化上保守的IV型皮利是在固体表面上形成生物膜或漂浮在液体介质的气-液界面上所必需的。类似地，在许多古细菌中，已经证明IV型皮利和在这些物种的子集中的古细菌是固体表面上生物膜形成所需的。此外，在模式古菌Haloferax volcanii中，趋化性和AglB依赖的糖基化在此过程中发挥重要作用。H. volcanii还在倒入培养皿的液体培养物中形成浸没的生物膜。这项研究表明，这种盐古菌的突变体，干扰IV型皮利或古细菌的生物合成，以及趋化性靶向转座子和aglB缺失突变体，缺乏明显的缺陷，在液体培养中形成的生物膜。引人注目的是，我们已经观察到这些基于液体的生物膜能够重新排列成蜂窝状图案，这些图案在移除培养皿盖时迅速形成，这种现象不依赖于光或氧浓度的变化，但可以通过控制湿度的降低来诱导。综上所述，本研究表明，H。volcanii需要新的、未鉴定的策略用于浸没的液体生物膜形成，并且还表现出快速的结构重排。这是第一次对古菌浸没液体生物膜进行分子生物学研究，这推进了我们对模式古菌Haloferax volcano ii的基本生物学理解。从这项研究中收集的数据也为未来的研究提供了宝贵的基础，以揭示在这种盐古菌中浸没液体生物膜所需的成分，以及通常液体生物膜形成所需的成分，与表面上生物膜的形成相比，这一点知之甚少。此外，这种快速蜂窝图案形成的第一次描述可能会产生新的见解，细胞外聚合物物质和细胞浸没液体生物膜内的潜在结构架构。
This first molecular biological study of archaeal immersed liquid biofilms advances our basic biological understanding of the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii. Data gleaned from this study also provide an invaluable foundation for future studies to uncover components required for immersed liquid biofilms in this haloarchaeon and also potentially for liquid biofilm formation in general, which is poorly understood compared to the formation of biofilms on surfaces. The ability to form biofilms is shared by many microorganisms, including archaea. Cells in a biofilm are encased in extracellular polymeric substances that typically include polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA, conferring protection while providing a structure that allows for optimal nutrient flow. In many bacteria, flagella and evolutionarily conserved type IV pili are required for the formation of biofilms on solid surfaces or floating at the air-liquid interface of liquid media. Similarly, in many archaea it has been demonstrated that type IV pili and, in a subset of these species, archaella are required for biofilm formation on solid surfaces. Additionally, in the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii, chemotaxis and AglB-dependent glycosylation play important roles in this process. H. volcanii also forms immersed biofilms in liquid cultures poured into petri dishes. This study reveals that mutants of this haloarchaeon that interfere with the biosynthesis of type IV pili or archaella, as well as a chemotaxis-targeting transposon and aglB deletion mutants, lack obvious defects in biofilms formed in liquid cultures. Strikingly, we have observed that these liquid-based biofilms are capable of rearrangement into honeycomb-like patterns that rapidly form upon removal of the petri dish lid, a phenomenon that is not dependent on changes in light or oxygen concentration but can be induced by controlled reduction of humidity. Taken together, this study demonstrates that H. volcanii requires novel, unidentified strategies for immersed liquid biofilm formation and also exhibits rapid structural rearrangements. IMPORTANCE This first molecular biological study of archaeal immersed liquid biofilms advances our basic biological understanding of the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii. Data gleaned from this study also provide an invaluable foundation for future studies to uncover components required for immersed liquid biofilms in this haloarchaeon and also potentially for liquid biofilm formation in general, which is poorly understood compared to the formation of biofilms on surfaces. Moreover, this first description of rapid honeycomb pattern formation is likely to yield novel insights into the underlying structural architecture of extracellular polymeric substances and cells within immersed liquid biofilms.