DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLUMINESCENCE IN CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLUMINESCENCE IN CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI
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DOI：
10.1016/0012-1606(73)90321-7
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
REYNOLDS, GT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FREEMAN, G;REYNOLDS, GT
栉水母的光细胞沿着放射状管分布，在含有精巢的放射状管一侧的梳板纤毛细胞所在的部位之间，光细胞呈不连续分布。它们被胃细胞群与管腔分开。在细胞学上，这些细胞的特征是浓缩的细胞核和细胞质，细胞质被嗜碱性染料染得很淡。栉水母胚胎产生光的能力出现在梳板纤毛开始生长的发育阶段。在这个阶段，有四个发光区域;每个区域对应于成年动物的一个象限。在光产生的部位，可以鉴定出具有成年动物光细胞的一些细胞学特性的细胞群。在光产生开始后的8-10小时内，胚胎产生的光量增加10倍，其光细胞的细胞学成熟;在此期间，光细胞数量没有增加。大约在胚胎开始进食的时候，每个发光区分裂成两个区域，每个区域对应一个辐射管。在胚胎发生的过程中，光细胞谱系首先在分化分裂时与非光细胞分离，这产生了8细胞期胚胎。M型大单体谱系继续形成光细胞，但E型大单体谱系不形成光细胞。在接下来的两次卵裂中，M大单体在胚胎的口极形成一个小单体;在这些卵裂过程中，光细胞分化的潜力继续与M大单体分离。在64细胞阶段的分裂过程中，M大粒细胞平均分裂;光细胞分化的潜力与M大粒细胞最接近口背轴分离。从发育的8-、16-或32-细胞阶段的胚胎中分离出的M大粒细胞将继续分裂，就好像它们是正常胚胎的一部分一样，并分化形成光细胞。只含有皮层细胞质的卵碎片分化为梳板纤毛细胞，但不产生光细胞。皮质碎片含少量卵黄，分化出梳板、纤毛细胞和光细胞。无卵黄的皮层碎片的M和E大粒细胞都产生梳板纤毛。只有含有卵黄的M大单体形成光细胞;如果M大单体形成光细胞，则不形成梳板纤毛。
The photocytes of the ctenophoreMnemiopsishave a discontinuous distribution along the radial canal between the sites where the comb plate cilia cells are located on the side of the canal which contains the testes. They are separated from the lumen of the canal by a population of gastric cells. Cytologically these cells are characterized by a condensed nucleus and cytoplasm which stains lightly with basophilic dyes.The ability of the ctenophore embryo to produce light appears at the developmental stage when the comb plate cilia first begin to grow out. At this stage four light-producing areas are present; each area corresponds to one quadrant of the adult animal. At the sites of light production, a population of cells can be identified that have some of the cytological properties of the photocytes of the adult animal. Within 8–10 hr after light production begins there is a 10-fold increase in the amount of light produced by an embryo and a cytological maturation of its photocytes; during this time period there is no increase in photocyte number. At about the time the embryo begins to feed, each light-producing region splits into two regions, each of which corresponds to a radial canal.During the process of embryogenesis the photocyte cell lineage is first segregated from non-photocytes at the differential division which gives the 8-cell stage embryo. The M macromere lineage goes on to form photocytes, but the E macromere lineage does not. The M macromeres form a micromere at the aboral pole of the embryo at each of the next two cleavages; during these cleavages the potential for photocyte differentiation continues to segregate with the M macromeres. During the division which gives the 64-cell stage the M macromeres divide equally; the potential for photocyte differentiation segregates with the M macromeres nearest the oral-aboral axis. M macromeres which are isolated from the embryo at the 8-, 16-, or 32-cell stage of development will continue to cleave as though they were part of a normal embryo and differentiate to form photocytes.The events that are responsible for the differential division during the formation of the 8-cell stage embryo have been studied by centrifuging eggs to produce fragments of different cytoplasmic composition. Egg fragments which contain only cortical cytoplasm differentiate comb plate cilia cells, but do not produce photocytes. Cortical fragments with a small amount of yolk differentiate comb plate cilia cells and photocytes. Both the M and E macromeres from cortical fragments with no yolk produce comb plate cilia. Only M macromeres containing yolk form photocytes; if an M macromere forms photocytes it does not form comb plate cilia.