Biological and medical significance of calcium phosphates.
Biological and medical significance of calcium phosphates.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17
复制
发表时间：
2002-09
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Dorozhkin;M. Epple
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Dorozhkin;M. Epple
哺乳动物硬组织（骨骼和牙齿）的无机部分由磷酸钙组成，主要是磷灰石结构。类似地，哺乳动物的大多数不期望的钙化（即，由于各种疾病而出现的那些钙化）也含有磷酸钙。例如，动脉粥样硬化导致由胆固醇和磷酸钙的固体复合物引起的血管阻塞。龋齿导致可溶性更高、更软的磷酸氢钙取代可溶性更低、更硬的磷灰石。骨质疏松症是一种骨的脱矿作用。因此，从化学的角度来看，正常（骨和牙齿的形成和生长）和病理（动脉粥样硬化和牙结石）钙化的过程只是磷酸钙的体内结晶。类似地，龋齿和骨质疏松症可以被认为是磷酸钙的体内溶解。另一方面，由于与生物钙化组织的化学相似性，所有磷酸钙都具有显著的生物相容性。这种性质广泛用于医学中完全由磷酸钙制成或涂覆磷酸钙的生物材料。例如，由磷酸钙制成的自固化骨水泥有助于骨修复，表面覆盖有磷酸钙层的钛替代物用于髋关节内假体和牙齿替代物，以促进骨的生长，从而提高机械稳定性。磷酸钙具有重要的生物学和医学意义，在这篇综述中，我们概述了这一主题的现有知识。
The inorganic part of hard tissues (bones and teeth) of mammals consists of calcium phosphate, mainly of apatitic structure. Similarly, most undesired calcifications (i.e. those appearing as a result of various diseases) of mammals also contain calcium phosphate. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood-vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with calcium phosphate. Dental caries result in a replacement of less soluble and hard apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenphosphates. Osteoporosis is a demineralization of bone. Therefore, from a chemical point of view, processes of normal (bone and teeth formation and growth) and pathological (atherosclerosis and dental calculus) calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of calcium phosphate. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis can be considered to be in vivo dissolution of calcium phosphates. On the other hand, because of the chemical similarity with biological calcified tissues, all calcium phosphates are remarkably biocompatible. This property is widely used in medicine for biomaterials that are either entirely made of or coated with calcium phosphate. For example, self-setting bone cements made of calcium phosphates are helpful in bone repair and titanium substitutes covered with a surface layer of calcium phosphates are used for hip-joint endoprostheses and tooth substitutes, to facilitate the growth of bone and thereby raise the mechanical stability. Calcium phosphates have a great biological and medical significance and in this review we give an overview of the current knowledge in this subject.