Rights-Based Approaches to Food Poverty in Ireland
Rights-Based Approaches to Food Poverty in Ireland
复制标题
爱尔兰解决粮食贫困的基于权利的方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Walsh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. O’Connor;S. Cantillon;J. Walsh
在爱尔兰，粮食贫困已成为社会政策议程上日益重要的问题。其原因包括对粮食贫困的性质、原因、范围和解决办法的发展的理解不断变化，以及人们日益认识到，即使在工业化国家，粮食仍然是人们贫困经历的一个核心方面。随着这些事态发展，人们越来越关注基于权利的办法在一般减贫，特别是在粮食贫困问题上的作用。本文件首先勾勒出国际人权体系和学术文献的主要轮廓，以便将粮食贫困问题置于总体政治和法律的框架内。鉴于粮食匮乏是人们贫穷经历的核心，有必要审查关于贫穷的一般概念文献，并确定与减缓贫穷有关的国家一级主要机制。更具体地说，这项研究还确定了与爱尔兰粮食贫困有关的关键概念、行动者和干预措施。随后是2008年3月在都柏林举行的为期一天的研讨会的讨论和分析摘要，在研讨会上，各利益攸关方探讨了在爱尔兰采用基于权利的办法解决粮食贫困问题的潜力。本文件的结论是，基于权利的方针在解决一般贫困问题或具体粮食贫困问题的干预措施中没有得到突出体现，在粮食贫困竞技场工作的活动家和从业人员指出了推进这一方针的重大挑战。体制上对采用基于权利的办法的抵制是一个重要因素，作为当代粮食系统“守门人”的私营部门利益的首要地位也是一个重要因素。与此同时，从从事食品工作的人权组织和在其他环境中使用这种方法的人权组织的工作中获得的见解表明，这是一个有希望的探索途径。特别重要的是，它有可能解决边缘化群体与决策者之间的权力关系问题，并在国际人权法框架内确定当地问题和对策。
In Ireland food poverty has emerged as an increasingly important issue on the social policy agenda. The reasons for this include the changing understanding of the nature of food poverty, its causes, dimensions and the development of solutions, as well as a growing awareness that food remains a central dimension of people’s experience of poverty even within industrialised countries. Alongside these developments there is a growing interest in the role of rights-based approaches to poverty alleviation generally and specifically to the issue of food poverty. This paper begins by mapping the main contours of the international human rights system and academic literature in order to ground food poverty within the overarching political and legal framework. In view of the fact that food poverty is central to people’s experience of poverty, it is necessary to review the conceptual literature on poverty generally and to identify the primary state-level mechanisms associated with poverty alleviation. More specifically, this study also identifies the key concepts, actors and interventions that pertain to food poverty in Ireland. This is followed by a summary of the discussion and analysis generated from a one-day workshop which took place in Dublin in March 2008, at which various stakeholders explored the potential of using rights-based approaches to food poverty in Ireland. The paper concludes that rights-based approaches have not featured prominently in interventions to address issues of poverty in general, or food poverty specifically, and activists and practitioners working in the arena of food poverty point to significant challenges in progressing this approach. Institutional resistance to the adoption of a rights-based approach is a significant factor, as is the primacy of private sector interests who are the ‘gatekeepers’ of the contemporary food system. At the same time, insights from the work of human rights organisations who work on food and those who use the approach in other settings suggest that it is a promising avenue to explore. Of particular significance is its potential to address issues of power relations between marginalised groups and policy-makers and to locate local issues and responses within a framework of international human rights law.