ACTIVELY ACQUIRED TOLERANCE OF FOREIGN CELLS
ACTIVELY ACQUIRED TOLERANCE OF FOREIGN CELLS
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DOI：
10.1038/172603a0
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发表时间：
1953-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
MEDAWAR, PB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BILLINGHAM, RE;BRENT, L;MEDAWAR, PB
伯内特和芬纳（《抗体的产生》，墨尔本，1949年）提出，动物不会对它们以前在胎儿期遇到的抗原表现出免疫应答。牛的双胞胎（OWEN等人，J.赫雷德，1946，v，37，291）和人（DUNSFORD等人，英国医学杂志，1953年7月11日，81）已经发现以这种方式对它们的红细胞抗原起作用。本文描述了动物如何在产前暴露于供体组织后获得对来自遗传无关的皮肤移植物的耐受性。已经破坏了一个A系移植物的CBA小鼠更快地破坏第二个移植物（<6天），并且可以说是免疫的。通过腹膜内移植免疫CBA小鼠的切碎淋巴结，可以将对A系移植物的免疫力被动转移至正常CBA小鼠[见MITCHISON，下文，第892页]。如果在怀孕的CBA小鼠的胎儿子宫内注射来自正常成年A系小鼠的各种组织的切碎物，那么，在达到成年后，许多注射的动物将无限期地耐受A系移植物的存在。组织切碎物不一定要包括上皮才有效。这些小鼠获得的耐受性不是由于移植物抗原结构的改变，因为当宿主通过淋巴结移植被动免疫时，这些抗原结构被迅速破坏。因此，可以得出结论，耐受性是由于宿主缺乏免疫反应。这种现象是严格特异性的，因为耐受A系皮肤的CBA小鼠仍然破坏AU系移植物。新生小鼠的耐受性不会因注射外源细胞而提高或降低。G.梅内尔
BURNET and FENNER (The Production of Antibodies, Melbourne, 1949) have suggested that animals would not show an immunological response to antigens which they had previously encountered in fetal life. Dizy-gotic twins of cattle (OWENet al.,J. Hered., 1946, v, 37, 291) and man (DUNSFORDet al.,Brit. Med. J., 1953, July 11, 81) have been found to behave in this way towards their red cell antigens. The present paper describes how animals may acquire tolerance to skin grafts derived from genetically unrelated stocks following prenatal exposure to the donor's tissues.Skin grafts from A-line mice survive 11 ± 0.3 days on normal CBA mice. CBA mice which have already destroyed one A-line graft, destroy a second graft more rapidly (<6 days) and may be said to be immunized. Immunity to A-line grafts can be passively transferred to a normal CBA mouse by the intraperitoneal transplantation of the chopped lymph nodes of an immunized CBA mouse [see MITCHISON, below, p. 892]. If the foetuses of a pregnant CBA mouse are injectedin uterowith a mince of various tissues from normal adult A-line mice, then, after reaching adult life, many of the injected animals will tolerate the presence of an A-line graft indefinitely. The tissue mince does not have to include epithelium to be effective. The tolerance acquired by these mice is not due to an alteration in the antigenic structure of the grafts, since these are rapidly destroyed when the hosts are passively immunized by lymph node transplantation. It is therefore concluded that tolerance is due to the absence of an immunological response by the host. This phenomenon is strictly specific, since CBA mice tolerant of A-line skin still destroy AU-line grafts. The tolerance of newborn mice is neither raised nor lowered by the injection of foreign cells.Similar experiments have been performed with chickens.G. G. Meynell.