Dimerization of the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor proteins and familial Alzheimer's disease mutants.

Dimerization of the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor proteins and familial Alzheimer's disease mutants.
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DOI:
10.1186/1471-2202-9-17
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发表时间:
2008-01-30
期刊:
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Chakrabartty A
Chakrabartty A
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gorman PM;Kim S;Guo M;Melnyk RA;McLaurin J;Fraser PE;Bowie JU;Chakrabartty A

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淀粉样前体蛋白 (APP) 被 γ 分泌酶酶切,形成两种肽产物,Aβ40 或更具神经毒性的 Aβ42。在许多家族性阿尔茨海默病 (FAD) 病例中,Aβ42/40 比率升高。 APP 的跨膜结构域 (TM) 包含已知的二聚化基序 GXXXA。我们研究了野生型和 FAD 突变体 APP 跨膜结构域的二聚化。使用源自 APP-TM 结构域的合成肽,我们表明该片段能够形成稳定的跨膜二聚体。二聚体 APP-TM 结构域的模型揭示了假定的二聚化界面,有趣的是,APP 中的大多数 FAD 突变都位于该界面区域。我们发现 FAD-APP 突变使 APP-TM 二聚体不稳定并增加 APP 肽单体的数量。解离常数与 Aβ42/Aβ40 比率和 AD 患者的平均发病年龄相关。我们还表明,当添加到过度表达瑞典 FAD 突变和 γ 分泌酶成分的 HEK293 细胞中时,这些 TM 肽会降低 Aβ 产量和 Aβ42/Aβ40 比率,从而可能揭示一类新型 γ 分泌酶抑制剂。
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is enzymatically cleaved by γ-secretase to form two peptide products, either Aβ40 or the more neurotoxic Aβ42. The Aβ42/40 ratio is increased in many cases of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). The transmembrane domain (TM) of APP contains the known dimerization motif GXXXA. We have investigated the dimerization of both wild type and FAD mutant APP transmembrane domains. Using synthetic peptides derived from the APP-TM domain, we show that this segment is capable of forming stable transmembrane dimers. A model of a dimeric APP-TM domain reveals a putative dimerization interface, and interestingly, majority of FAD mutations in APP are localized to this interface region. We find that FAD-APP mutations destabilize the APP-TM dimer and increase the population of APP peptide monomers. The dissociation constants are correlated to both the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and the mean age of disease onset in AD patients. We also show that these TM-peptides reduce Aβ production and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios when added to HEK293 cells overexpressing the Swedish FAD mutation and γ-secretase components, potentially revealing a new class of γ-secretase inhibitors.
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