Bad Jobs, Bad Health? How Work and Working Conditions Contribute to Health Disparities
Bad Jobs, Bad Health? How Work and Working Conditions Contribute to Health Disparities
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DOI：
10.1177/0002764213487347
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Lin, Katherine Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burgard, Sarah A.;Lin, Katherine Y.
在这篇综述中，我们探讨了工作与健康以及个人和社会健康差异之间的广泛联系。首先关注个人的健康，我们讨论了有偿工作和非有偿工作之间的健康差异，并回顾了可能在受雇者之间产生健康差异的关键积极和消极暴露。这些因素包括社会心理因素，如高地位工作的好处或感觉工作不安全的负担，以及接触石棉或轮班工作等危险工作条件的身体暴露。我们还提供了对这些工作方面的不同暴露方式的讨论，有助于在几代人内部和跨代人的健康的社会差异。还讨论了评估个人工作与健康之间联系的分析复杂性，例如健康选择。然后，我们触及了工作与人口健康之间的几个背景层面的关联，讨论了特定社会中职业结构的重要性，那里普遍存在的政策环境，以及宏观经济的波动对产生健康方面的社会差异的影响。最后，我们讨论了四个领域和相关的建议，这些领域和建议利用了这一知识语料库，但将推动有关工作、健康和不平等的研究走向更大的学术和政策相关性。
In this review, we touch on a broad array of ways that work is linked to health and health disparities for individuals and societies. First focusing on the health of individuals, we discuss the health differences between those who do and do not work for pay, and review key positive and negative exposures that can generate health disparities among the employed. These include both psychosocial factors like the benefits of a high-status job or the burden of perceived job insecurity, as well as physical exposures to dangerous working conditions like asbestos or rotating shift work. We also provide a discussion of the ways differential exposure to these aspects of work contributes to social disparities in health within and across generations. Analytic complexities in assessing the link between work and health for individuals, such as health selection, are also discussed. We then touch on several contextual-level associations between work and the health of populations, discussing the importance of the occupational structure in a given society, the policy environment that prevails there, and the oscillations of the macroeconomy for generating societal disparities in health. We close with a discussion of four areas and associated recommendations that draw on this corpus of knowledge but would push the research on work, health, and inequality toward even greater scholarly and policy relevance.