Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Maastrichtian) calcareous nannofossils from Goban Spur (DSDP Sites 549, 551): Implications for the palaeoceanography of the proto North Atlantic
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Maastrichtian) calcareous nannofossils from Goban Spur (DSDP Sites 549, 551): Implications for the palaeoceanography of the proto North Atlantic
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戈班山刺（DSDP 站点 549、551）的白垩纪晚期（塞诺曼尼亚马斯特里赫特）钙质超微化石：对原始北大西洋古海洋学的启示
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.001
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Herrle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linnert;Mutterlose;Herrle
晚白垩纪早期（Cenomanian-early Turonian）被认为是显生宙最温暖的时期之一。这一时期的特点是热带海面温度高达36°C，两极到赤道的梯度小于10°C。随后的图伦-马斯特里赫特时期的特点是气候持续变冷，在马斯特里赫特达到顶峰。这种气候变冷及其导致的古海洋学变化对包括钙质纳米化石在内的浮游初级生产者群落产生了影响。为了更好地理解这些塞诺曼-马斯特里赫特古海洋学的变化，人们研究了北大西洋原始地区的钙质纳米化石（Goban Spur, DSDP Sites 549, 551）。为了了解开放海洋和大陆架居住的纳米化石之间的潜在差异，将来自戈班Spur的数据与来自欧洲大陆架（德国北部）的发现进行了比较。研究了来自戈班岩浆带的77个钙质纳米化石样品，揭示了丰富的（平均62亿个样品/g沉积物）和高度多样化的（平均63个物种/样品）纳米化石组合。优势类群为Watznaueria spp（平均30.7%）、predissphaera spp（平均18.3%）、Zeugrhabdotus spp（平均8.3%）、Retecapsa spp（平均7.2%）和饼干（平均6.6%）。Goban Spur（公海）和Wunstorf（陆架）的Cenomanian组合以高丰度的高繁殖力分类群为特征，如饼干、Zeugrhabdotus和Tranolithus orionatus。然而，早Turonian至Maastrichtian的Goban Spur钙质纳米化石组合与欧洲剖面的描述大不相同。Goban Spur以Watznaueria spp.、Retecapsa spp.和Cribrosphearella ehrenbergii等海洋分类群为主，而欧洲陆架组合的育性指标为饼干和T. orionatus。这种从塞诺曼尼亚钙质纳米化石的均匀分布到图罗尼亚-马斯特里赫特地区的不均匀分布的转变意味着海洋环流的变化。Cenomanian的“涡流海洋”系统被类似于现代Turonian-Maastrichtian的海洋环流系统所取代，这是由冷却引起的。两极到赤道梯度的增加导致了与现代海洋环流相似的海洋环流。
The early late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–early Turonian) is thought to have been one of the warmest periods of the Phanerozoic. This period was characterised by tropical sea surface temperatures of up to 36°C and a pole-to-equator-gradient of less than 10°C. The subsequent Turonian–Maastrichtian was characterised by a continuous climatic cooling, peaking in the Maastrichtian. This climatic cooling and the resulting palaeoceanographic changes had an impact on planktic primary producer communities including calcareous nannofossils. In order to gain a better understanding of these Cenomanian–Maastrichtian palaeoceanographic changes, calcareous nannofossils have been studied from the proto North Atlantic (Goban Spur, DSDP Sites 549, 551). In order to see potential differences between open oceanic and shelf dwelling nannofossils, the data from Goban Spur have been compared to findings from the European shelf (northern Germany). A total of 77 samples from Goban Spur were studied for calcareous nannofossils revealing abundant (mean 6.2billion specimens/g sediment) and highly diverse (mean 63 species/sample) nannofossil assemblages. The dominant taxa are Watznaueria spp. (mean 30.7%), Prediscosphaera spp. (mean 18.3%), Zeugrhabdotus spp. (mean 8.3%), Retecapsa spp. (mean 7.2%) and Biscutum spp. (mean 6.6%). The Cenomanian assemblages of both Goban Spur (open ocean) and Wunstorf (shelf) are characterised by elevated abundances of high fertility taxa like Biscutum spp., Zeugrhabdotus spp. and Tranolithus orionatus. Early Turonian to Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil assemblages of Goban Spur are, however, quite different to those described from European sections. Oceanic taxa like Watznaueria spp., Retecapsa spp. and Cribrosphearella ehrenbergii dominate in Goban Spur whereas the fertility indicators Biscutum spp. and T. orionatus are more abundant in the European shelf assemblages. This shift from a homogeneous distribution of calcareous nannofossils in the Cenomanian towards a heterogeneous one in the Turonian–Maastrichtian implies a change of the ocean circulation. The “eddy ocean” system of the Cenomanian was replaced by an oceanic circulation similar to the modern one in the Turonian–Maastrichtian, caused by the cooling. The increased pole-to-equator-gradients resulted in an oceanic circulation similar to the modern one.
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