The Hydrothermal Transformation Of Sodium And Potassium Smectite Into Mixed-Layer Clay
The Hydrothermal Transformation Of Sodium And Potassium Smectite Into Mixed-Layer Clay
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钠、钾蒙脱石水热转化为混层粘土
DOI：
10.1346/ccmn.1977.0250308
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发表时间：
1977
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. Hower
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Eberl;J. Hower
在水热动力学实验中，研究了钠钾蒙皂石向混层粘土的转化过程。贝得石组成的玻璃和怀俄明州膨润土用作起始材料。温度范围在260 ° C和490°C之间，压力为2千巴，运行时间范围在6小时和266天之间。当钾为层间阳离子时，递增反应生成系列：随机间层伊利石/蒙脱石-有序间层伊利石/蒙脱石-伊利石。该层序相当于埋藏成岩作用期间在页岩中形成的层序。在层间钠和高于300°C的温度下，实现了铝贝得石（Black Jack类似物）-累托石-钠云母系列。讨论了这两个成岩家族的区别。在300°C以下，钠贝得石形成随机夹层的混合层粘土，很像钾贝得石，除了需要更高的层电荷来产生钠云母状层。较高的电荷是由于钠的较高水合能。钾、钠水化能的差异可能是伊利石在埋藏成岩作用中固定钾而不是钠的原因，混层相中有序夹层的出现也与层间化学有关。有序形成在钠粘土在高膨胀率，而它从来没有出现在钾粘土约35%以上的可膨胀。有序的外观可能部分相关的云母状layers.Phase图，从动力学实验和天然粘土的组成和产状构造的偏振功率，提出了系统钠云母和白云母-2石英-高岭石-过量水。本研究还报道了卡尔克伯格型混合层粘土的首次合成。
The transformation of sodium and potassium smectite into mixed-layer clay was followed in hydrothermal kinetic experiments. Glasses of beidellite composition and the Wyoming bentonite were used as starting materials. Temperatures ranged between 260 and 490°C at 2 kbar pressure, and run times ranged between 6 hr and 266 days.The course of the reactions was found to be strongly affected by interlayer chemistry. When potassium was the interlayer cation, increasing reaction produced the series: randomly interstratified illite/smectite-ordered interstratifled illite/smectite-illite. This sequence is equivalent to that formed in shales during burial diagenesis. With interlayer sodium and temperatures above 300°C, an aluminous beidellite (Black Jack analog)-rectorite-paragonite series was realized. The difference between these two diagenetic families is discussed. Below 300°C, sodium beidellite formed randomly interstratifled mixed-layer clay much like potassium beidellite, except that a higher layer charge was required to produce sodium mica-like layers. The higher charge resulted from sodium’s higher hydration energy. The difference in hydration energy between potassium and sodium may account for the fixation of potassium rather than sodium in illite during burial diagenesis.The appearance of ordered interlayering in mixed-layer phases is also related to interlayer chemistry. Ordering formed in sodium clays at high expandabilities, whereas it never appeared in the potassium clays above approximately 35% expandable. The appearance of ordering may be partly related to the polarizing power of the mica-like layers.Phase diagrams, constructed from the kinetic experiments and from the composition and occurrence of natural clays, are presented for the systems paragonite and muscovite-2 quartz-kaolinite-excess water. This study also reports the first synthesis of a Kalkberg-type mixed-layer clay.