Assessing the factors influencing natural regeneration patterns in the diverse, multi-cohort, and managed forests of Maine, USA
Assessing the factors influencing natural regeneration patterns in the diverse, multi-cohort, and managed forests of Maine, USA
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评估影响美国缅因州多样化、多群体和管理森林自然更新模式的因素
DOI：
10.1111/jvs.12433
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Kuehne C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bose A;Weiskittel A.R;Wagner R.G;Kuehne C.
问题缅因州森林景观中自然更新树苗的组成和丰富度的主要生物和非生物因素是什么？苗木物种丰富度(SR)和密度(SD)是否随着生长条件(气候和土壤)的改善而降低，但随着覆盖层组成和结构多样性的增加而增加？部分采伐是否比耐荫软木(PTSD)更偏爱耐荫硬木(PIHD)的相对优势？对美国缅因州不同生态区和森林类型的森林景观进行定位。方法本研究使用美国农业部林业局森林调查分析永久样地(n=10842)，自1999年以来每隔5年测量一次。各响应变量(SR、SD、PIHD和PTSD)在AIC和生物可解释性的基础上，考虑了气候、土壤、立地生产力、盖层结构和组成以及过去的采伐等35个潜在解释变量，建立了最优模型。年平均气温和乔木层大小多样性与SR和SD均呈曲线关系。平均遮荫耐受性和耐受性针叶面积百分比分别是PIHD和PTSD的最高预测变量。部分采伐有利于PIHD，但不利于PTSD。结论在美国东部和加拿大的北部林区，这是第一次在广泛的景观尺度上综合评估影响自然建立的树苗的若干因素之一。尽管地块面积相对较小，苗木规模较大，缺乏对光、水和养分的直接测量，但这项研究记录了这些因素在与自然更新模式相关的高度变异性中的影响。年平均温度与SR和SD之间的曲线关系支持物种丰富度和丰富度通常与生产力指标呈单峰关系的论点，而上层树大小多样性与SR和SD之间的曲线关系表明，适度的盖层多样性既包括多个物种，也包括较高的苗木个体。
QuestionsWhat are the primary biotic and abiotic factors driving composition and abundance of naturally regenerated tree seedlings across forest landscapes of Maine? Do seedling species richness (SR) and density (SD) decrease with improved growing conditions (climate and soil), but increase with increased diversity of overstorey composition and structure? Does partial harvesting disproportionately favour relative dominance of shade‐intolerant hardwoods (PIHD) over shade‐tolerant softwoods (PTSD)?LocationForest landscapes across the diverse eco‐regions and forest types of Maine, USA.MethodsThis study used USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis permanent plots (n= 10 842), measured every 5 yr since 1999. The best models for each response variable (SR, SD, PIHD and PTSD) were developed based on AIC and biological interpretability, while considering 35 potential explanatory variables incorporating climate, soil, site productivity, overstorey structure and composition, and past harvesting.ResultsMean annual temperature was the most important abiotic factor, whereas overstorey tree size diversity was the most important biotic factor for SR and SD. Both mean annual temperature and overstorey tree size diversity had a curvilinear relationship with SR and SD. Average overstorey shade tolerance and percentage tolerant softwood basal area in the overstorey were the top predictor variables of PIHD and PTSD,respectively. Partial harvesting favoured PIHD but not PTSD.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to comprehensively evaluate a number of factors influencing naturally established tree seedlings at a broad landscape scale in the Northern Forest region of the eastern USA and Canada. Despite limitations associated with relatively small plot size, large seedling size class and lack of direct measurements of light, water and nutrients, this study documents the influence of these factors amid high variability associated with patterns of natural regeneration. The curvilinear relationship between mean annual temperature with SR and SD supports the argument that species richness and abundance usually have unimodal relationships with productivity indicators, whereas the curvilinear relationship between overstorey tree size diversity and SR and SD suggest that moderate overstorey diversity incorporates multiple species as well as higher seedling individuals.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
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发表时间：
2002
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
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