Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Human Activities at the Hejia Site on the Ningshao Coastal Plain in Eastern China
Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Human Activities at the Hejia Site on the Ningshao Coastal Plain in Eastern China
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DOI：
10.3389/feart.2020.609912
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发表时间：
2021-01-18
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Deng, Yunkai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Haiyan;Sun, Jue;Deng, Yunkai
中国东部沿海平原地区新石器时代遗址众多，是研究新石器时代人地关系的理想区域。何家遗址位于中国东部杭州湾南岸的宁绍滨海平原，是河姆渡文化晚期遗址的一部分，包括河姆渡文化晚期、良渚文化和前山阳文化。通过孢粉学、木炭、X射线荧光（XRF）、磁化率（chi）等方法，结合加速器质谱C-14测年和考古文化层分析，探讨了何家遗址古环境演变和人类活动。1)花粉记录表明，中全新世植被类型为万年青落叶阔叶混交林。Cr/Cu比值和低频磁化率（chi（lf））揭示了该地区的气候经历了暖湿（河姆渡文化IV期）-凉干（良渚文化期）-暖湿（前山阳文化期）的变化过程。2)中全新世时期，人类活动强度明显增强，这与自然环境的改造有关。禾本科花粉的增加（>37 μ m）表明，从河姆渡文化晚期到良渚文化时期，史前人类管理农田的能力逐渐增强。木炭浓度结果表明，河姆渡文化晚期高强度火灾事件的发生可能是刀耕火种的结果，而良渚文化中期高强度火灾事件的发生可能是良渚文化时期先民生活生产活动增加，对火的需求增加所致。
The eastern China coastal plain is an ideal area for studying the human-environment interaction during the Neolithic period as there are multiple Neolithic sites in this area. Located in the Ningshao Coastal Plain of the south bank of Hangzhou Bay in eastern China, the Hejia Site is part of the late Hemudu Culture sites and includes the late Hemudu Culture, the Liangzhu Culture, and the Qianshanyang Culture. Based on palynology, charcoal, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and magnetic susceptibility (chi), combined with accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 dating and analysis of the archaeological cultural layers, we explored the paleoenvironmental evolution and human activities at the Hejia Site. 1) Pollen records suggest that the vegetation type was evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest during the Middle Holocene. Cr/Cu and low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (chi(lf)) reveal that the climate underwent through warm and wet (Hemudu Culture Period IV)-cool and dry (Liangzhu Culture Period)-warm and wet (Qianshanyang Culture Period) periods. 2) During the Middle Holocene, the intensity of human activities, related to the transformation of the natural environment, increased obviously. The increasing Poaceae pollen (>37 mu m) indicates that the ability of prehistoric humans in managing crop fields gradually increased from the late Hemudu Culture Period to the Liangzhu Culture Period. The charcoal concentration results suggest that the occurrence of high-intensity fire events during the late Hemudu Culture Period might be caused by the slash-and-burn operation, while those that occurred during the middle Liangzhu Culture Period might be caused by the increasing fire demand owing to the greater ancestors' lives and production activities in the Liangzhu Culture Period.