Estimating animal population density using passive acoustics.
Estimating animal population density using passive acoustics.
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DOI：
10.1111/brv.12001
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tyack PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marques TA;Thomas L;Martin SW;Mellinger DK;Ward JA;Moretti DJ;Harris D;Tyack PL
可靠地估计野生动物种群的大小或密度对于有效的野生动物管理、保护和生态学非常重要。目前，最广泛使用的方法，以获得这种估计涉及到从样线或某种形式的捕获-再捕获标记或独特的可识别的个人的动物。然而，许多物种很难被发现，也不容易被标记或重新捕获。其中一些物种产生容易识别的声音，提供了一个机会，使用被动声学数据来估计动物密度。此外，即使对于其他基于视觉的方法可行的物种，被动声学方法也有可能在某些环境中（例如水下或茂密的森林中）提供更大的探测范围，因此可能具有更好的精度。自动数据收集意味着可以在派遣人类观察员过于昂贵或危险的时间和地点进行调查。在这里，我们提出了一个概述的动物密度估计使用被动声学数据，一个相对较新的和快速发展的领域。我们回顾了目前研究人员可用的数据类型和方法，并提供了一个基于声学的密度估计框架，并以现实案例研究为例进行了说明。我们提到移动传感器平台（如拖曳声学），但重点是涉及传感器在固定位置的方法，特别是水听器调查海洋哺乳动物，声学为基础的密度估计研究，到目前为止一直集中在这一领域。其中主要是基于距离采样和空间明确的捕获-再捕获的方法。该方法也适用于其他水生和陆生发声类群。我们的结论是，尽管处于起步阶段，被动声学数据的基础上的密度估计可能会成为一个重要的方法，调查了一些不同的类群，如海洋哺乳动物，鱼类，鸟类，两栖动物和昆虫，特别是在需要在很长一段时间的推断的情况下。未来还有相当多的工作要做，有几个潜在的富有成果的研究领域，包括开发（i）数据采集的硬件和软件，（ii）高效，校准，自动检测和分类系统，以及（iii）为这一应用优化的统计方法。此外，还需要制定调查设计，并需要对目标物种的声学行为进行研究。对发声率和群体规模以及这些与季节或行为状态等其他因素之间的关系进行基础研究至关重要。在已知密度的情况下的方法的评价将是重要的经验验证这里提出的方法。
Reliable estimation of the size or density of wild animal populations is very important for effective wildlife management, conservation and ecology. Currently, the most widely used methods for obtaining such estimates involve either sighting animals from transect lines or some form of capture-recapture on marked or uniquely identifiable individuals. However, many species are difficult to sight, and cannot be easily marked or recaptured. Some of these species produce readily identifiable sounds, providing an opportunity to use passive acoustic data to estimate animal density. In addition, even for species for which other visually based methods are feasible, passive acoustic methods offer the potential for greater detection ranges in some environments (e.g. underwater or in dense forest), and hence potentially better precision. Automated data collection means that surveys can take place at times and in places where it would be too expensive or dangerous to send human observers. Here, we present an overview of animal density estimation using passive acoustic data, a relatively new and fast-developing field. We review the types of data and methodological approaches currently available to researchers and we provide a framework for acoustics-based density estimation, illustrated with examples from real-world case studies. We mention moving sensor platforms (e.g. towed acoustics), but then focus on methods involving sensors at fixed locations, particularly hydrophones to survey marine mammals, as acoustic-based density estimation research to date has been concentrated in this area. Primary among these are methods based on distance sampling and spatially explicit capture-recapture. The methods are also applicable to other aquatic and terrestrial sound-producing taxa. We conclude that, despite being in its infancy, density estimation based on passive acoustic data likely will become an important method for surveying a number of diverse taxa, such as sea mammals, fish, birds, amphibians, and insects, especially in situations where inferences are required over long periods of time. There is considerable work ahead, with several potentially fruitful research areas, including the development of (i) hardware and software for data acquisition, (ii) efficient, calibrated, automated detection and classification systems, and (iii) statistical approaches optimized for this application. Further, survey design will need to be developed, and research is needed on the acoustic behaviour of target species. Fundamental research on vocalization rates and group sizes, and the relation between these and other factors such as season or behaviour state, is critical. Evaluation of the methods under known density scenarios will be important for empirically validating the approaches presented here.
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