Why don’t (or do) organizations learn from projects?
Why don’t (or do) organizations learn from projects?
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为什么组织不（或确实）从项目中学习？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Newell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Swan;H. Scarbrough;S. Newell
许多不同类型的组织使用项目来完成特定的任务，特别是涉及创新和变革的任务。然而，在项目内学习和从项目向更广泛组织的学习转移方面往往存在问题。以前的研究表明，这些问题因组织背景而异，特别是组织集中于项目交付的程度。此外，基于项目的学习和组织学习之间的联系可能远非无缝，并且可能需要部署一系列学习机制才能有效。在这篇文章中，我们探讨和解释这些问题，通过实证研究，检查项目为基础的学习在不同的组织环境。本研究强调了基于反思和编纂的学习机制的局限性。它表明，公司通常只从项目中学习，如果有的话，通过群体和个人之间的经验积累。然而，研究表明，经验的积累在以项目为中心和项目管理能力得到充分发展的组织环境中最为明显。相比之下，在项目更加多样化和偶然性的组织中，利用项目中创建的高度异质的学习形式的斗争更大。
Many different types of organizations use projects to accomplish specific tasks, especially tasks that involve innovation and change. However, there are often problems associated with both learning within projects and learning transfer from projects to the wider organization. Previous research suggests that these problems vary according to the organizational context, in particular the extent to which the organization is centred on the delivery of projects. Also, the link between project-based learning and organizational learning may be far from seamless, and may require the deployment of a range of learning mechanisms to be effective. In this article we explore and explain these problems through an empirical study which examined project-based learning across different organizational contexts. This study highlights the limitations of learning mechanisms based on reflection and codification. It suggests that firms generally only learn from projects, if at all, via the accumulation of experience amongst groups and individuals. The study suggests, however, that the accumulation of experience is most pronounced in organizational contexts which are project centred and where project management capabilities are well developed. In contrast, in organizations where projects are more varied and occasional, the struggle to exploit the highly heterogeneous forms of learning created within projects is greater.