Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea
Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-019-3585-6
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发表时间：
2019-07-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Karl, Stephan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Demok, Samuel;Endersby-Harshman, Nancy;Karl, Stephan
研究背景埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti和Ae.白纹伊蚊是传染病的重要媒介，特别是由登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒等虫媒病毒引起的传染病。埃及伊蚊非常适应城市环境，而Ae。白纹伊蚊多栖息于农村地区。这些病媒普遍对拟除虫菊酯具有抗药性，但西南太平洋区域，特别是美拉尼西亚的数据有限。虽然伊蚊病媒生态在澳大利亚有很好的记录，在那里，伊蚊的入侵。尽管迄今为止已经预防了白纹伊蚊和拟除虫菊酯的抗药性，但对邻国巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）的伊蚊种群几乎一无所知。与拟除虫菊酯的耐药性记录在印度尼西亚的部分地区，但不是在澳大利亚，重要的是要确定易感和耐药伊蚊种群分布在这一region.MethodsThe本研究的目的是评估伊蚊种群的杀虫剂抗性马当和莫尔兹比港，位于北部和南部海岸的巴布亚新几内亚，分别。使用诱蚊产卵器收集蚊子，并在昆虫饲养室中饲养。标准的WHO生物测定，使用经脱乙酰基处理的滤纸进行了总共253 Ae。埃及和768 Ae.白纹伊蚊成虫。来自两个物种的样本子集（55 Ae. aegypti和48 Ae. albopictus）进行了筛选敲低抗性突变的电压敏感性钠通道（Vssc）基因，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的靶位点。来自马当和莫尔兹比港的埃及人白纹伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯敏感，但对滴滴涕有中等程度的抗性。在所有Ae中检测到与拟除虫菊酯抗性相关的突变。对埃及样本进行了筛选。本研究中发现的一些基因型以前曾在印度尼西亚观察到。在Ae中未发现与拟除虫菊酯抗性相关的Vssc突变。结论这是国内首次报道白纹伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯的抗药性。巴布亚新几内亚的埃及蚊子有趣的是，除了为控制疟疾而分发的长效驱虫蚊帐外，巴布亚新几内亚的杀虫剂使用率很低。进一步调查这些抗性Ae.巴布亚新几内亚出现了埃及蚊子种群，如何维持它们是有必要的。
BackgroundAedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are important vectors of infectious diseases, especially those caused by arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Aedes aegypti is very well adapted to urban environments, whereas Ae. albopictus inhabits more rural settings. Pyrethroid resistance is widespread in these vectors, but limited data exist from the Southwest Pacific Region, especially from Melanesia. While Aedes vector ecology is well documented in Australia, where incursion of Ae. albopictus and pyrethroid resistance have so far been prevented, almost nothing is known about Aedes populations in neighbouring Papua New Guinea (PNG). With pyrethroid resistance documented in parts of Indonesia but not in Australia, it is important to determine the distribution of susceptible and resistant Aedes populations in this region.MethodsThe present study was aimed at assessing Aedes populations for insecticide resistance in Madang and Port Moresby, located on the north and south coasts of PNG, respectively. Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps and reared in an insectary. Standard WHO bioassays using insecticide-treated filter papers were conducted on a total of 253 Ae. aegypti and 768 Ae. albopictus adult mosquitoes. Subsets of samples from both species (55 Ae. aegypti and 48 Ae. albopictus) were screened for knockdown resistance mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene, the target site of pyrethroid insecticides.ResultsHigh levels of resistance against pyrethroids were identified in Ae. aegypti from Madang and Port Moresby. Aedes albopictus exhibited susceptibility to pyrethroids, but moderate levels of resistance to DDT. Mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were detected in all Ae. aegypti samples screened. Some genotypes found in the present study had been observed previously in Indonesia. No Vssc mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were found in the Ae. albopictus samples.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in PNG. Interestingly, usage of insecticides in PNG is low, apart from long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed for malaria control. Further investigations on how these resistant Ae. aegypti mosquito populations arose in PNG and how they are being sustained are warranted.