Conversion of oxybenzone sunscreen to phototoxic glucoside conjugates by sea anemones and corals
Conversion of oxybenzone sunscreen to phototoxic glucoside conjugates by sea anemones and corals
复制标题
海葵和珊瑚将氧苯酮防晒剂转化为光毒性葡糖苷缀合物
DOI：
10.1126/science.abn2600
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发表时间：
2022-05-06
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Mitch, William A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vuckovic, Djordje;Tinoco, Amanda, I;Mitch, William A.
据报道，以氧苯酮为基础的防晒霜对珊瑚的毒性引起了人们对生态旅游防晒霜对已经受到全球压力的珊瑚的影响的担忧。然而，氧苯酮的毒性机制尚不清楚，这阻碍了更安全防晒霜的开发。我们发现氧苯酮在模拟阳光（包括紫外线辐射（290至370纳米））下引起海葵的高死亡率。虽然氧苯酮本身可以防止紫外线诱导的光氧化，但海葵和蘑菇珊瑚都形成了强光氧化剂氧苯酮-葡萄糖苷缀合物。藻类共生体隔离这些偶联物，死亡率与动物细胞质中偶联物的浓度相关。缺乏共生体的海葵死亡率较高，这表明氧苯酮和珊瑚因气温上升而白化的风险增加。由于许多商业防晒霜含有与结构相关的化学物质，了解代谢物的光毒性应该有助于开发珊瑚安全产品。
The reported toxicity of oxybenzone-based sunscreens to corals has raised concerns about the impacts of ecotourist-shed sunscreens on corals already weakened by global stressors. However, oxybenzone's toxicity mechanism(s) are not understood, hampering development of safer sunscreens. We found that oxybenzone caused high mortality of a sea anemone under simulated sunlight including ultraviolet (UV) radiation (290 to 370 nanometers). Although oxybenzone itself protected against UV-induced photo-oxidation, both the anemone and a mushroom coral formed oxybenzone-glucoside conjugates that were strong photo-oxidants. Algal symbionts sequestered these conjugates, and mortality correlated with conjugate concentrations in animal cytoplasm. Higher mortality in anemones that lacked symbionts suggests an enhanced risk from oxybenzone to corals bleached by rising temperatures. Because many commercial sunscreens contain structurally related chemicals, understanding metabolite phototoxicity should facilitate the development of coral-safe products.