Exosomes: mediators of bone diseases, protection, and therapeutics potential.
Exosomes: mediators of bone diseases, protection, and therapeutics potential.
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DOI：
10.18632/oncoscience.421
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tyagi N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Behera J;Tyagi N
骨重建是骨结构微损伤的修复和骨内老化组织的替代，是一个持续终生的过程。这种过程的失败导致病理性破坏性骨疾病，如骨质疏松症、类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎。然而，这个活跃的过程受到以下细胞的调节：参与骨吸收过程的破骨细胞;参与骨形成过程的成骨细胞和促进血管生成的骨源性内皮细胞。在骨微环境中，这些细胞相互作用通过细胞分泌的生长因子（例如细胞因子）的直接相互作用由细胞类型之间的复杂相互作用介导。近年来，外泌体（exosomes）（大小约40-100 nm）的发现在骨重建过程领域引起了更多的关注。外泌体和微泡来源于不同类型的骨细胞，如间充质干细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞及其前体。它们还被认为在骨重建过程中发挥关键作用，包括骨生成、破骨细胞生成和血管生成。本文着重介绍了外泌体和骨细胞源性外泌体在骨重建调控过程中的起源和生物发生。此外，这篇综述文章还重点介绍了外泌体分泌的蛋白和microRNA及其参与调节骨重建。
Bone remodeling is a continuous lifelong process in the repair of micro-damage to bone architecture and replacement of aging tissue in bone. A failure to such process leads to pathological destructive bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. However, this active process is regulated by; osteoclasts, which are involved in the bone resorption process; osteoblasts, with involvement in the bone formation process and bone-derived endothelial cells, which promote angiogenesis. In the bone micro-environment, these cellular interactions are mediated by a complex interplay between cell types via direct interaction of cell secreted growth factors, such as cytokines. Recently, the discovery of exosomes (∼ 40–100 nm in size), has attracted more attention in the field of the bone remodeling process. Exosomes and microvesicles are derived from different types of bone cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and their precursors. They are also recognized to play pivotal roles in bone remodeling processes including osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we especially emphasize the origin and biogenesis of exosomes and bone cell derived exosomes in the regulatory process of bone remodeling. Moreover, this review article also focuses on exosomal secreted proteins and microRNAs and their involvement in the regulation of bone remodeling.