Physical Exercise as Therapy for Frailty.
Physical Exercise as Therapy for Frailty.
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DOI：
10.1159/000382065
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Villareal DT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aguirre LE;Villareal DT
纵向研究表明，定期体育锻炼可以延长寿命，降低身体残疾的风险。随着年龄的增长，身体活动的减少与运动能力的下降有关，这容易导致虚弱。虚弱综合征包括活动水平降低、运动耐量差以及瘦体质和肌肉质量损失。运动耐力差与有氧耐力有关。有氧耐力训练可以显著提高峰值耗氧量约10- 15%。阻力训练是增加肌肉力量和质量的最佳方法。虽然抵抗力训练对肌肉质量的增加可能会减弱虚弱的老年人，但抵抗力训练可以显着提高肌肉力量，特别是在机构化患者中约110%。由于有氧和阻力训练都针对虚弱的特定成分，因此结合有氧和阻力训练的研究为成功治疗虚弱提供了最有希望的证据。在分子水平上，运动通过减少肌肉炎症、增加抗氧化剂和增加肌肉蛋白质合成来减轻虚弱。需要更多的研究来确定哪些运动最适合，最有效，最安全的人群。根据现有的研究，建议采用包括有氧运动、力量练习和柔韧性的个性化多组分运动计划来治疗虚弱。
Longitudinal studies demonstrate that regular physical exercise extends longevity and reduces the risk of physical disability. Decline in physical activity with aging is associated with a decrease in exercise capacity that predisposes to frailty. Frailty syndrome includes lowered activity level, poor exercise tolerance, and loss of lean body and muscle mass. Poor exercise tolerance is related to aerobic endurance. Aerobic endurance training can significantly improve peak oxygen consumption by ~10–15%. Resistance training is the best way to increase muscle strength and mass. Although the increase in muscle mass in response to resistance training may be attenuated in frail older adults, resistance training can significantly improve muscle strength, particularly in institutionalized patients by ~110%. Because both aerobic and resistance training target specific components of frailty, studies combining aerobic and resistance training provide the most promising evidence with respect to successfully treating frailty. At the molecular level, exercise reduces frailty by decreasing muscle inflammation, increasing anabolism, and increasing muscle protein synthesis. More studies are needed to determine which exercises are best suited, most effective, and safe for this population. Based on the available studies, an individualized multicomponent exercise program that includes aerobic activity, strength exercises, and flexibility is recommended to treat frailty.