Plant Movements as Concept Generators for the Development of Biomimetic Compliant Mechanisms
Plant Movements as Concept Generators for the Development of Biomimetic Compliant Mechanisms
复制标题
植物运动作为仿生顺应机制开发的概念生成器
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icaa028
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Speck, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poppinga, Simon;Correa, David;Bruchmann, Bernd;Menges, Achim;Speck, Thomas
植物运动越来越感兴趣的仿生方法，其中无铰链顺应机制（柔性结构）的应用程序，例如，在建筑，软机器人和医学的发展。在这篇文章中，我们首先简要地总结了植物运动原理的知识，并展示了不同的驱动模式，即运动的驱动力，可以用于仿生方法的运动技术系统的发展。然后，我们强调该领域目前的发展和突破，即通过增材制造技术实现植物运动原理，开发能够跟踪运动（向性）的结构，以及开发可以执行多个运动步骤的结构。关于增材制造部分，我们展示了将几种植物运动原理成功转移到3D打印吸湿变形结构（“4D打印”）中的原始结果。由此产生的系统包括边缘生长驱动的致动（从百合花的花瓣中得知），具有功能性双层设置的弯曲鳞片状结构（灵感来自松果），模块化光圈架构（在苔藓口缘中也可以类似地看到），通过弹性不稳定驱动（如从维纳斯捕蝇器捕捉器已知），和折纸一样弯曲折叠运动放大（灵感来自食肉水车植物）。我们的新型仿生顺应机制突出了现代印刷技术的可行性，用于设计和开发技术应用的多功能定制运动响应。然后，我们专注于在该领域持续存在的挑战，即如何提高速度本质上缓慢的液压驱动结构，以及如何实现功能的弹性和鲁棒性，在我们提出建立一个运动设计目录的结论。
Plant movements are of increasing interest for biomimetic approaches where hinge-free compliant mechanisms (flexible structures) for applications, for example, in architecture, soft robotics, and medicine are developed. In this article, we first concisely summarize the knowledge on plant movement principles and show how the different modes of actuation, that is, the driving forces of motion, can be used in biomimetic approaches for the development of motile technical systems. We then emphasize on current developments and breakthroughs in the field, that is, the technical implementation of plant movement principles through additive manufacturing, the development of structures capable of tracking movements (tropisms), and the development of structures that can perform multiple movement steps. Regarding the additive manufacturing section, we present original results on the successful transfer of several plant movement principles into 3D printed hygroscopic shape-changing structures (“4D printing”). The resulting systems include edge growth-driven actuation (as known from the petals of the lily flower), bending scale-like structures with functional bilayer setups (inspired from pinecones), modular aperture architectures (as can be similarly seen in moss peristomes), snap-through elastic instability actuation (as known from Venus flytrap snap-traps), and origami-like curved-folding kinematic amplification (inspired by the carnivorous waterwheel plant). Our novel biomimetic compliant mechanisms highlight the feasibility of modern printing techniques for designing and developing versatile tailored motion responses for technical applications. We then focus on persisting challenges in the field, that is, how to speed-boost intrinsically slow hydraulically actuated structures and how to achieve functional resilience and robustness, before we propose the establishment of a motion design catalog in the conclusion.