Ebola virus disease: An emerging and re-emerging viral threat
Ebola virus disease: An emerging and re-emerging viral threat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102375
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Anaya, Juan-Manuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rojas, Manuel;Monsalve, Diana M.;Anaya, Juan-Manuel
来自丝状病毒科的埃博拉病毒属由五个物种组成，包括苏丹埃博拉病毒、莱斯顿埃博拉病毒、本迪布焦埃博拉病毒、泰森林埃博拉病毒和埃博拉病毒（以前称为扎伊尔埃博拉病毒）。这些病毒有一个大约19 kb的大的非节段的负链RNA，编码糖蛋白（如GP、sGP、ssGP）、核蛋白、病毒粒子蛋白（如VP 24、30、40）和RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶。这些病毒已成为全球卫生关注的问题，因为它们的死亡率、迅速传播、在西非出现新的疫情，以及一种被称为“埃博拉病毒后疾病综合征”的新病症的出现，这种病症类似于炎症和自身免疫性疾病，如类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和伴有葡萄膜炎的脊柱性关节炎。然而，在了解可能诱发这种自身免疫样综合征的机制方面存在许多空白。其中一些机制可能包括中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的高度形成，不受控制的“细胞因子风暴”，以及可能形成的自身抗体。埃博拉幸存者中可能出现的自身免疫现象为这一疾病的管理和控制提出了新的挑战，并在一个特殊的亚组患者中开辟了一个新的研究领域。本文就埃博拉病毒病的分子生物学、发病机制、临床表现、治疗等方面进行综述，并就埃博拉病毒病的控制策略进行探讨。
The genus Ebolavirus from the family Filoviridae is composed of five species including Sudan ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Tai Forest ebolavirus, and Ebola virus (previously known as Zaire ebolavirus). These viruses have a large non-segmented, negative-strand RNA of approximately 19 kb that encodes for glycoproteins (i.e., GP, sGP, ssGP), nucleoproteins, virion proteins (i.e., VP 24, 30,40) and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase. These viruses have become a global health concern because of mortality, their rapid dissemination, new outbreaks in West-Africa, and the emergence of a new condition known as "Post-Ebola virus disease syndrome" that resembles inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and spondyloarthritis with uveitis. However, there are many gaps in the understanding of the mechanisms that may induce the development of such autoimmune-like syndromes. Some of these mechanisms may include a high formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, an uncontrolled "cytokine storm", and the possible formation of auto-antibodies. The likely appearance of autoimmune phenomena in Ebola survivors suppose a new challenge in the management and control of this disease and opens a new field of research in a special subgroup of patients. Herein, the molecular biology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of Ebola virus disease are reviewed and some strategies for control of disease are discussed.