An Experimental Investigation on the Fluid Distribution in a Two-Phase Cooled Rack Under Steady and Transient Information Technology Loads
An Experimental Investigation on the Fluid Distribution in a Two-Phase Cooled Rack Under Steady and Transient Information Technology Loads
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稳态和瞬态信息技术负载下两相冷却机架中流体分布的实验研究
DOI：
10.1115/1.4048180
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
B. Sammakia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sadegh Khalili;S. Rangarajan;V. Gektin;H. Alissa;B. Sammakia
由于人工智能、高性能计算和机器学习的兴起，数据中心的功率密度不断增加，迫使工程师为高性能信息技术（IT）设备开发新的冷却策略和设计。两相冷却是一种很有前途的技术，其利用冷却剂的潜热，这在去除高热通量方面比使用流体的显热时显著更有效。此外，利用潜热允许在较低的冷却剂流速下操作，并意味着加热表面的温度更均匀。尽管两相冷却的好处，相变增加了系统的复杂性时，多个蒸发器（暴露于不同的热通量潜在）连接到一个单一的冷却剂分配单元。在这篇文章中，一个商业冷却剂分配装置被用来研究在机架规模的泵送两相冷却。来自两种不同型号的17台双机架单元服务器采用34个冲击射流蒸发器进行改造，并部署在机架中。四个案例研究提供了深入了解泵送两相冷却系统的复杂行为与几个蒸发器。研究了在不同充液率下，齿条上的流量和压力分布。此外，调查是由于IT工作负载的阶跃变化的冷却系统的瞬态行为。最后，控制系统被设计成响应于IT工作负荷的阶跃变化来调节所供应的冷却剂的温度，并且被测试。
Increasing power densities in data centers due to the rise of artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, and machine learning compel engineers to develop new cooling strategies and designs for high-performance information technology (IT) equipment. Two-phase cooling is a promising technology that exploits the latent heat of the coolant which is significantly more effective in removing high heat fluxes than when using the sensible heat of the fluid. Also, utilizing the latent heat allows operating at lower coolant flow rates and implies more uniformity in the temperature of heated surfaces. Despite the benefits of two-phase cooling, the phase change adds complexities to a system when multiple evaporators (exposed to different heat fluxes potentially) are connected to a single coolant distribution unit. In this article, a commercial coolant distribution unit is used to investigate pumped two-phase cooling in rack scale. Seventeen two-rack unit servers from two distinct models are retrofitted with 34 impinging jet evaporators and deployed in a rack. Four case studies are presented to provide insights into the complex behavior of a pumped two-phase cooling system with several evaporators. The flow rates and pressure distribution across the rack are studied in various filling ratios. Also, investigated is the transient behavior of the cooling system due to a step change in the IT workload. Finally, a control system is designed to regulate the temperature of the supplied coolant in response to the step change in the IT workload and is tested.
在数据中心存在动态工作负载的情况下使用主动空气阻尼器进行气流管理
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
SEMI-THERM 2019
影响因子：
--
作者：
Khalili, S.;Mohsenian, G.;Desu, A.;Ghose, K.;Sammakia, B.
通讯作者：
Sammakia, B.