The formation of LDL: mechanisms and regulation.
The formation of LDL: mechanisms and regulation.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1984-12
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
R. Havel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Havel
血浆中的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）及其直接前体通常被认为是主要的致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白。LDL是由极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）形成的最初迹象是在25年前获得的（1，2），但即使在今天，LDL由VLDL形成的确切机制仍是未知的。在过去的15年中，脂蛋白及其组分脂质和蛋白质的相互转化过程已被深入研究（3）。基本上所有的这些调查中使用的方法，从体外研究的脂解产品的多室动力学分析示踪剂注射到人体内，已被应用于研究LDL的形成。在过去的5年中，VLDL代谢的复杂性变得特别明显，一些关于LDL形成的老生常谈不得不重新考虑。在这篇简短的综述中，我描述了VLDL代谢的那些方面，这些方面是LDL形成机制的核心。最近发现的影响VLDL颗粒转化为LDL的程度的因素以及VLDL非依赖性LDL形成的问题将被考虑。最后，一些当代的方法来解决这些问题。
Low density lipoproteins (LDL) in blood plasma and their immediate precursors are generally thought to be the major atherogenic lipoproteins. The initial indications that LDL are formed from very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were obtained more than 25 years ago (1, 2), yet even today the precise mechanism of LDL formation from VLDL is unknown. During the last 15 years the processes of interconversion of lipoproteins and their component lipids and proteins have been studied intensively (3). Essentially all of the approaches used in these investigations, ranging from in vitro studies of lipolysis products to multicompartmental kinetic analysis of tracers injected into humans, have been applied to study the formation of LDL. The complexity of VLDL metabolism has become particularly evident during the last 5 years and some of the truisms concerning LDL formation have had to be reconsidered. In this brief review, I describe those aspects of VLDL metabolism that are central to the mechanism of LDL formation. Recently discovered factors that influence the extent to which VLDL particles are converted to LDL and the question of VLDL-independent LDL formation will then be considered. Finally, some contemporary approaches to these issues will be addressed.