Unraveling the chronic toxicity of lead: an essential priority for environmental health.
Unraveling the chronic toxicity of lead: an essential priority for environmental health.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.96104s1141
复制
发表时间：
1996-03
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Landrigan PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Todd AC;Wetmur JG;Moline JM;Godbold JH;Levin SM;Landrigan PJ
虽然人口接触铅的情况有所下降，但慢性铅中毒仍然是美国的一个主要公共卫生问题，影响着数百万儿童和成人。在慢性铅中毒的病理生理学知识方面存在重大空白。这些差距阻碍了控制战略的制定。为了缩小目前慢性铅毒性知识的差距，我们提出了一个综合的，多学科的，基于标记的研究计划。该计划结合了a）通过骨中铅的109 Cd X射线荧光分析直接测量个体铅负荷，B）确定ALA-D表型，个体对铅敏感性的指数，以及c）评估铅在肾脏、神经系统和生殖器官中产生的亚临床损伤。这项研究的数据将为具有重大公共卫生意义的问题提供答案：a）目前的环境和职业标准是否足以预防慢性铅中毒？B）在怀孕或哺乳期间，铅是否从骨骼中移动而导致胎儿毒性？c）绝经期间铅是否从骨中动员而引起神经毒性？d）遗传变异在决定铅易感性方面的意义是什么？e）铅对高血压、肾脏疾病、慢性神经退行性疾病或精子数量下降的贡献是什么？f）螯合疗法是否能有效降低慢性铅过度暴露者的体内铅负荷？
Although population exposure to lead has declined, chronic lead toxicity remains a major public health problem in the United States affecting millions of children and adults. Important gaps exist in knowledge of the pathophysiology of chronic lead intoxication. These gaps have impeded development of control strategies. To close current gaps in knowledge of chronic lead toxicity, we propose an integrated, multidisciplinary, marker-based research program. This program combines a) direct measurement of individual lead burden by 109Cd X-ray fluorescence analysis of lead in bone, b) determination of ALA-D phenotype, an index of individual susceptibility to lead, and c) assessments of subclinical injury produced by lead in the kidneys, nervous system and, reproductive organs. Data from this research will provide answers to questions of great public health importance: a) Are current environmental and occupational standards adequate to prevent chronic lead intoxication? b) is lead mobilized from the skeleton during pregnancy or lactation to cause fetal toxicity? c) Is lead mobilized from bone during menopause to cause neurotoxicity? d) What is the significance of genetic variation in determining susceptibility to lead? e) What is the contribution of lead to hypertension, renal disease, chronic neurodegenerative disease or declining sperm counts? f) Is chelation therapy effective in reducing body lead burden in persons with chronic overexposure to lead?